The most important antecedent of behaviorism was animal psychology. ... His puzzle box was designed to study animal learning as well as animal behaviors. ... Behaviorists agreed with the belief of this animal psychologist. ... Second, both human and animal behavior would be investigated. Third, mentalistic ideas would be discarded and replaced with the behavioristic concepts of stimulus and response. ...
Behaviourists want results, by which they can check measure and observe on the stimulus and the reacted response. ... However the animals were not physically harmed. ... One of the differences between behaviourism and humanism is that behaviourists use animals as well as humans in the procedure of an experiment as they believe that animals learn in a similar fashion to that of humans. ... This process is when a stimulus which brings about no response in a human or animal, until it is associated with another. ... Animals were mostly tested on, because they believed that animals were practical...
Watson's field was animal psychology; he tells us himself that he preferred to work with animals rather than human subjects, and disliked serving as an introspective subject(Leahey, 1980). ... His first criticism was that there was no room in structuralism for animal study, because its focus was entirely on human consciousness. ... Watson also noted that researchers had provided no firm criterion for ascribing consciousness to animals, and that in any case experiments were designed without reference to consciousness in animals. Watson's basic point was that ascribing consciousnes...
The assumption that there is little difference between humans and animals that brought the research on animals. ... It is based on the assumption that genes and hormones explain behaviour better and states that human behaviour can be understood better by studying and comparing diverse animal species and how the nervous system, hormones and brain functions (Cardwell, et al., 2004). ... The humanistic approach emphasizes on understanding human behaviour by studying humans not animals (Raghunathan, 2012). It has rejected the behavioral approach for its focus on reinforcement of stimulus response...
This is due to a rather complex process that is unique to higher developed animals and plants. ... Those mutations that increase an animal's ability to acquire energy are rewarded as those animals now have an increased chance to survive and reproduce. ... Another development, perhaps influenced by an animal's appetitive behavior, is its facilitation by practice. ... It's the basis for storing something, as opposed to just reacting to stimulus. ...
The point to be remembered is that wars are initiated in the mind and man is an aggressive animal by nature. ... The triggering action of the environment is known as Stimulus and its response by organism is called Reflex. One must take into account what stimulus does on an organism before and afterwards. ...
Watson directed numerous sorts of research and experiments on animal behavior, raising children, and advertising. ... It creates the impression that the guardians could serve as the discriminative stimulus (SD) in the operant standard. ...
When it comes to finding explanations to things like; why one thinks different than another person, or how does the way one lives in society shape their personality and does childhood experiences influence the way a person turns out to be as an adult? These questions have intrigued philosophers for...
