Watson's field was animal psychology; he tells us himself that he preferred to work with animals rather than human subjects, and disliked serving as an introspective subject(Leahey, 1980). ... His first criticism was that there was no room in structuralism for animal study, because its focus was entirely on human consciousness. ... Watson also noted that researchers had provided no firm criterion for ascribing consciousness to animals, and that in any case experiments were designed without reference to consciousness in animals. Watson's basic point was that ascribing consciousnes...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The assumption that there is little difference between humans and animals that brought the research on animals. ... It is based on the assumption that genes and hormones explain behaviour better and states that human behaviour can be understood better by studying and comparing diverse animal species and how the nervous system, hormones and brain functions (Cardwell, et al., 2004). ... The humanistic approach emphasizes on understanding human behaviour by studying humans not animals (Raghunathan, 2012). It has rejected the behavioral approach for its focus on reinforcement of stimulus response...

• Word Count: 1620
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(b) The explanation thesis: All human and animal behavior is best and more fully explained by physicalistic interpretations "that is, through neurochemistry and neurophysiology. ... And certain environmental conditions cause the organism to respond to a stimulus. There is a stimulus and then a response, which includes changes in brain states, etc, which then causes changes within an organism. ...

• Word Count: 1640
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When it comes to finding explanations to things like; why one thinks different than another person, or how does the way one lives in society shape their personality and does childhood experiences influence the way a person turns out to be as an adult? These questions have intrigued philosophers for...

• Word Count: 2180
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate