Besides, Hobbes was influenced by another great thinker - Rene Descartes, who asserted that animal is a difficult machine. ... Equality in concerns of power and rights, everybody has the same power and rights, and it will not cause such an aggressive competitive and angry environment. ... Besides, he suggested, that the human beings are social animals anyway they would cooperate, since they are so by nature. ... Human becomes like an animal in the state of nature. ... According to Rousseau, people have no rights at all in Hobbes's social contract. ...

• Word Count: 1724
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Hobbes's construction of the state, as a nominalist hypothesis, begins with the division of history into two categories; "natural history," which is the effects of nature, and the history of plants, animals and countries, and the implications to man-kind. ... Through such hypothesis Hobbes is able to define man, and build a an argument of man and the common-wealth based upon his natural animal instincts. ... Hobbes views the "right of nature" as a position in which his actions under the "state of nature" bestow certain rights, with mans behaviour being unrestrained, their actions are ...

• Word Count: 2082
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Limits must be put on freedom and inalienable rights. ... In Rousseau's Social Contract, man is depicted as a "stupid and unimaginative animal." ... A government where the power is limited and used to secure individual rights is necessary. ... A government is formed with the basic purpose to serve the rights of the common good of the people. Locke justifies revolution if the government is not protecting the rights of the subjects. ...

• Word Count: 1674
• Approx Pages: 7

People will then behave according to the "laws of nature" which according to him include natural freedom and moral equality (also called their natural rights). ... John Locke also conceptualized the property rights idea. ... When this is applied to the state of nature where there is probably no law; such rights cannot be defended or even claimed. ... According to Thomas Hobbes, man living in a state of nature which lacks sovereign will be living like a beast or wild animal in the jungle. ... Therefore the establishment of the sovereign makes it possible for the lives of mankind to be protected...

• Word Count: 2387
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

He notes that man is a violent animal who likes conflict, and suggests in both essays that the only way to solve these factions is to allow for a society where many of them form such that they limit each other's powers. ... In Essay #10, Madison tackles the question of how to deal with factions whose interests or goals may be in contention with the people's rights. As he would later acknowledge in Essay #51, Madison believed that forming one big and powerful republic was the ultimate answer to providing all these rights. ...

• Word Count: 1364
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Locke agrees with Rousseau, that man is free naturally, but also adds that people are entitled to three undeniable rights: life, liberty and property. ... Rousseau believed that in the State of Nature, humans had two base feelings, compassion and pity; he argued that these two feelings were most natural and that these feelings could even be found in animals. ... Locke's essential argument is that people are born equal, with natural rights in a state of nature in which they live free from outside rule. ... According to Locke this Law of Reason restrains men from infringing on the rights of...

• Word Count: 2158
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

he Open Society The concept of an open society is a term first employed by Sir Karl Popper in his 1950 book the Open Society and Its Enemies. The term essentially means a society in which the state has as little control as is possible for the state to function in a coherent and decent fashion. A...

• Word Count: 1402
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School