A peptide bond is when the carbon in the carboxyl group of one amino acid connects to a nitrogen in the amino group of another amino acid. ... Once all the amino acids join together or connect by peptides bonds, they form a sequence of amino acids also known as a polypeptide chain that become the primary structure of a protein. ... This is called the secondary structure. After the secondary structure the tertiary structure is formed. ... This shape is determined by the interactions between the R-group or side chains on the amino acids. ...

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Galacturonic acid is still very similar to glucose, except one of the carbons has a -COOH group attached instead of a CH2-OH. ... What holds enzymes together in the first place: Enzymes are proteins and proteins are constructed from chains of amino acids (20 possible different ones). ... Only the folded structure forms the catalytic or active site. However this folded structure will generally be held together by non-covalent interactions unlike the covalent bonds that hold the amino acid links together. ... Enzymes that do well at very high temperatures tend to have a more rigid, inflexible st...

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The Structure of Proteins Primary Structure The primary structure of a protein is the type and sequence of the amino acids used in the polypeptide. ... Any further structure is a result of the primary structure's sequence. ... Tertiary Structure The tertiary structure is that which causes the secondary structure itself to fold around, creating an even more complex structure. ... Various types of bonds are used in these links: hydrogen bonds between R groups, disulphide bonds between two cysteines molecules, as in the primary structure, ionic bonds between R groups containing ...

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They provide structure. ... Amino Acids are the monomers of proteins. The basic parts of an amino acid are an amine group, a carboxylic group, and a side chain and all attached to an alpha-carbon. There are two types of proteins, fibrous proteins which provide structure and are usually long and thin. ... They are made up of three parts: a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. ...

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Cell Structure and Organelles Purpose To study the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic plant and animal cells. ... Microtubules are long and straight and have helical lattice structure. 6. ... Polysomes play a major role in protein synthesis, which is the process in which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins according to DNA sequence. 11. Yes, this is because a polyribosome is a group of ribosomes. 12. ... Gap junctions consist of special membrane proteins that surround a pore through which ions, sugars, amino acids, and other small molecules may pass. 28. ...

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Proteins are polymers constructed of 20 different amino acids which in turn are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur and are combined in ways to form the protein molecules an organism needs. ... Proteins also form important bodily structures, they are the important part of the muscles that enables limbs to bend (myosin) and the heart to pump. ... Nucleic acids consist of a pentose sugar bonded to a phosphate group and to one of five different kinds of nitrogenous bases. ... The common steroid structure is the basis of the human sex hormones. ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate