In the 1980s, many new American drug laws resulted from escalating efforts to "get tougher" on drugs and drug users. ... The vast majority of these offenders are in state and local jails and prisons, where they now account for almost one-fourth of the total population behind bars. ... In the 1998 report Behind Bars: Substance Abuse and America's Prison Population (SAAPP) the author's assert, [d]rug and alcohol abuse and addiction are implicated in the crimes and incarceration of 80 percent--some 1.4 million--of the 1.7 million men and women behind bars in America. ... If this rat...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To the average American, it would seem as if violent crimes are increasing at an alarming rate. In reality the number of violent crimes is decreasing, despite the fact that our prison population is growing rapidly (Wolfers 2014). ... Also, due to population size, whites use more drugs than any other group (Knafo 2014). ... The labeling can be used to envelope a large portion of the population with a negative stigma. ... There is a theme that crimes committed by the youth population are getting worse, becoming more frequent, and that the offenders are getting younger and younger. ...

• Word Count: 2700
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Appearance has held such precedence for Americans. ... For a variety of reasons, it is easier to make arrests in these neighborhoods as contrasted with, for example, suburban neighborhoods with mostly white populations. ... Department of Justice report stated that in 1999, African Americans were 20% more likely to be stopped than white Americans, and police were more than twice as likely to search the car of an African American or Hispanic driver than a white driver. ... African Americans make up 12% of the U.S. population, but they comprise about half of all prison inmates and 40% of those se...

• Word Count: 3114
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

GUN CONTROL Since the days of the pioneers of the United States, firearms have been part of the American tradition as protection and a means of hunting or sport. ... It is also argued that by making it difficult for guns to be bought and registered for the American public there is a threat to the personal safety of American families everywhere. ... In 1988 there were 9000 handgun-related murders in America. Metropolitan Centers and some suburban communities of America are setting new records for homicides by handguns. ... AGAINST GUN CONTROL The National Crime Survey estimates that 83 pe...

• Word Count: 5482
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

Is it our right to bear arms as North Americans? ... Moreover, Canadians are exposed to American television (both entertainment and news programming) and, Canadians and Americans read many of the same books and magazines. As a result of this, the Canadian public has adopted "much of the American culture" . ... He reviews the role of guns in American life-from the shoot-outs of the Old West to the street violence of today. ... Mauser mentions that Canadians are "more supportive of stricter controls on handguns than are Americans...Moreover, Canadians appear to be less...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

Deterrence Leslie Cantu: Fear of death deters people from committing crimes, proponents say. They also believe that if attached to certain crimes, the penalty of death exerts a positive moral influence by placing a stigma on certain crimes like manslaughter, resulting in attitudes of disgust and h...

• Word Count: 4694
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

Indeed, trends in Australia from 1965 to 1985 demonstrate an increasing number of homicide cases being reported to the police, but since the figures are rising more slowly than the population, the homicide rate has actually fallen over this period, from nearly six per hundred thousand to less than 4.4. ... In Canada, the homicide rate fell from a peak of 3.09 per 100,000 population in 1975(the year before the abolition of the death penalty for murder) to 2.74 in 1983, and in 1986 it reached a 15-year low. ...

• Word Count: 2841
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The nation's death-row population now numbers more than 3, 335 inmates. Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has again become a basic fact of American criminal justice. ... Over the past five years, 48 % of those people whose cases were submitted to the Justice Department for review were African American, 29 % Latino and 20 % white. ... "The entire criminal-justice system is rife with racism, and this is nowhere more evident than in the administration of the death penalty," said Diann Rust-Tierney, director of the American Civil Liberties Union's Capital Punishment Project. ...

• Word Count: 3235
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

Even whites are forced to admit that statistics indicate that the Black community is disproportionately affected by the American legal system. ... The decision as to what kind of conduct by African-Americans ought to be punished is better made by African- Americans themselves."1 The means by which Butler proposes for Blacks to implement these decisions is termed jury nullification. ... Although several commentators have voiced criticisms with the ideas of Professor Butler, most of these criticisms focus on what is best for the American legal system, what legal precedents dictate, or as is most...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the book "All God's Children" author Fox Butterfield delivered his point of view and his theory on the Bosket family and the American tradition of violence. ... He also wrote All God's Children: The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence about the child criminal Willie Bosket. ... So the book starts off in South Carolina in the Edgefield County where the American Revolution just ended. ... Here the share cropper system reduced the African Americans to peons but then in 1867 the Southern states were forced to give African Americans to vote (Butterfield, F.,...

• Word Count: 3198
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

"It is an affront to the founding principles of America to lock peaceful people into cages just because they consume or sell drugs" (HLPR). ... Having these demented human beings in the same environment as the rest of the population could turn into a huge disparity when they cause emotional and physical pain to others. ...

• Word Count: 2658
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

(Question 1) Juvenile delinquency is a complex social problem that significantly impacts all members and processes of a social structure. Delinquency refers to a set of behaviors that are not in line with the collective practices and/or ethics of the dominant social group. Essentially, these behaviors deviate from societal norms and more specifically they violate established criminal codes and laws. Juvenile delinquency incorporates not only general criminal activity but conduct that is only unlawful for youths such as running away from home and skipping school. Current research into th...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(CNN, 1997) Evidence that smaller cities have seen a growth in gangs in recent years can be seen in Jackson, MI which has a population of about 50,000. ... After WW II, African-American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican-American gained power, especially in the northern cities. In the 50's, gang warfare between African-American and Hispanic gangs peaked in big cities like Boston, Detroit, Philadelphia, Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles. ... As the Vietnam War died down African-American, Caucasian, and Hispanic gangs reemerged. ... Issues of the 90's involve impact on the American Commu...

• Word Count: 4105
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Chapter 1 Sam did most of his criminal business in "American City" a pseudonym given to a real city. In the first couple pages of the book, Sam says, "I am going to get away from American City, too many temptations." [pg. 2] Here, one can infer from the start that Sam was associating himself with criminals and criminal activities, hence wanting to get away from American City the home of his criminal connections and criminal business. ... Sam says that "The dealing I"m doing now is nickel and dime anyway, not like it was in American City"[pg. 2], displaying that he believes that there real...

• Word Count: 4192
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

One of the most famous advocates of this approach was the 19th century Italian physician Caesare Lombroso (1936-1909), who argued that "criminals are the product of a genetic constitution unlike that found in the non-criminal population." ... Bartol et al (1979) tested 398 inmates, most of African-American and Hispanic origins using the EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). ...

• Word Count: 2818
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

By the early 1950's most of the states in America had their own waiver statues for juveniles, which were decided on a case-by-case basis within the court. ... Instead, it may mean longer pretrial delays, more pretrial incarceration time with few needed services, greater population management problems in adult facilities, and greater exposure of youths to adult inmates. ...

• Word Count: 3373
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The new nation of Canada was taking shape and now was responsible for a vast portion of the North American continent. ... The population of Canada grew dramatically in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as immigrants and settlers moved west. ... The force was modeled after the Royal Irish Constabulary and it seemed that the Americans would respond much easier than to a military force in the west. ...

• Word Count: 4766
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain the works of Edwin Sutherland and his theory of differential association. The differential association theory depicts a relationship between a societal structure and criminal behavior. Sutherland illustrates the focuses of differential association into nine detailed tenants. He arrived at these tenants through his different experiences with the theory, and the different versions of his book "Principles of Criminology". Differential association emphasis how an individual' interactions with people can have an affect on criminal beh...

• Word Count: 5291
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For instance, at that time, the Harvard Law Professor, Roscoe Pound, in Criminal Justice in America argued that the justice system in the United States relied too much on the punitive justice and this was not serving the society in the long-run. ...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate