The alternatives of meretricious pseuso-cosmopolitanism are viewed by the black community with distrust and scorn. These alternatives having no impact on the black community, were shunned by W.E.B DeBois, St Clair Drake, Ralph Ellison, and Toni Morrison. ... It is said to be because of relatively greater black integration into postindustrial capitalist America with its bureaucratized elite universities, dreary middlebrow colleges and dwindling high schools. ...

• Word Count: 664
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The teachers at many of these schools were often underpaid and poorly trained with significantly less classroom experience than those who taught at white schools. ... Several whites were against using school funds to bus black students to schools with open seats thus making it virtually impossible for black students to participate in the open enrollment program. ... Arthur Garrity made the Boston School Committee begin desegregation. ... They performed door-to-door testing alongside health professionals and they used the media to further their cause, "Alternatively, their home visits represe...

• Word Count: 1231
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It also explains identity development in adolescence, helps us understand how adolescents cope with racist encounters, how academic achievement is viewed amongst black youths, and why adolescents search for alternative images or role models. ... " He responded, "I first became aware of my race ate the age of six when I was in elementary school. I became aware of my race at school because they taught us that white people kept to themselves and they were the ones who controlled the jobs, finance, and economy. ... I asked my grandfather, "What lessons or messages did you receive ...

• Word Count: 848
• Approx Pages: 3