Lay investiture had been tradition for centuries among upper class men, as it gave them power in ecclesiastical matters. ... Then, in about 1075, Pope Gregory VII banned all lay investiture. ... Pope Gregory VII took action in 1075 when he prohibited all lay investiture. ... This gives support to the idea that Gregory saw the appointments by the royals as false appointments; that they did not have the divine right to appoint clergy men and that they, therefore, did not count among other men of the clergy. ... This contrasts with Pope Gregory's decree, who put kings into the class of l...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7

He avoided putting his men in danger at all costs and only took a proportional amount of military booty for himself. ... Some of the nobles took on fancy political titles as in emperors, kings, dukes, and counts. ... The kings were over the earthly aspects of life, while the Pope was over the spiritual side. ... His men went above and beyond their call of duty. ... Well, all of this is true, but the middle ages was a time where all three sides interacted and gave us a whole new central way of life (Cantor 230). ...

• Word Count: 1508
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

He came from a line of great men. ... The kings of Europe chose Charles Martel to lead an army to the last line of defense in Europe. ... Charles had them all beheaded. ... He would tell the nobles of all of his counties to prepare their men. ... In 806 Charlemagne's empire became so large that it needed more kings to control. ...

• Word Count: 1906
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Some famous men who belonged to this group were John of Wessel, Erasmus and Thomas Kempis. ... The Reformers were men with pure motives and high aims. ... Before the Reformation, the church governed politics and controlled kings, emperors and governed the law of the land. For all practical purposes Martin Luther stabilized the German language. ... All scientific investigation before this had been controlled by the church. ...

• Word Count: 681
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

This is the family that the Franks normally chose their kings from. At this point in time kings really had no power. ... All of this was about to change with Charlemagne. ... He had a long beard like most of the men of the day. ... All that is known is that his mother taught him as would be expected to. ...

• Word Count: 2064
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

He was obviously of a rank superior to all other men."" ... p. 97 The Four Articles (1) The Pope has no jurisdiction over the temporal affairs of kings... Cyr, which was an all women school for the poor nobles. ... The girls were all made to take vows and if they refused were discharged. ... The author makes it clear that it is hard to make generalizations about this period in France, but he does his best to give us examples of how it operated under, what many people consider, one of the most successful Kings in History....

• Word Count: 1182
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

During the middle ages festivals were popular, celebrated many different things, and were meant to be a time of joy for all people during these times. Everyone from Kings, Nobles, Merchants, Peasants were included in these celebrations. ... Both were important to all people for those helped create people a proper life. ... Singing hymns and sobbing, the men beat themselves with scourges studded with iron spikes. ... Not only were Kings, Popes, and religious advisors held to high religious standards but peasants and normal class people were just as effected by the rules and laws of strict relig...

• Word Count: 1048
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography

Thus, Stanton asserts that the Canon Law consists of different moral codes for men and women. ... All rulers/kings in Europe became Christians. ... This oppression and discrimination against women which denies them equal rights with men is a clear violation of the rights of women under God's decree of equality for both men and women in Galatians 3:28. ... The Vatican obliged the leaders of the nuns to enforce the Roman Catholic Church's will that condemns abortion on all grounds on individual members. ... Consequently, women in the Roman Catholic Church have no say in almost all matt...

• Word Count: 2952
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"...the five Vicars of Christ who ruled the Holy See during Magellan's lifetime [1480-1521] were the least Christian of men; the least devout, least scrupulous, least compassionate, and among the least chaste - lechers, almost without exception. ... It was the largest landowner in Europe and all the kings of Christendom were considered vassals of the pope and with this power came corruption. ... He believed that what one construes in their conscience while reading the Bible is how they should live their life since the Bible has all of the answers. "All of this served to undermine the...

• Word Count: 2755
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Most serious of all was Luther's reduction of the mass to the Lord's Supper. ... For the theory of transubstantiation, it is there all the time. ... Luther did what most kings would fear to do. ... However, this is the task which Luther undertook against all odds. ... Rather than repent this in the least, I have determined to persist in that fervent zeal and to despise the judgment of men, following the example of Christ who in his zeal called his opponents 'a blood of vipers,' 'blind fools,' 'hypocrites'. . . ...

• Word Count: 2769
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

The same was true in England, but without such a negative consequence as the English kings were devout patrons, not power-politics. ... He was ruler of all the land and maintained his unquestioned power throughout the land by declaring the church a Landeskirche of which he was the supreme defender. ... William used the opportunity to keep the Church at bay and assumed personal control over all church politics, holding elections in his own chapel. ... Although the treaty did humiliate Barbarossa and forced him to kneel before the Pope and accede to his divine superiority, Alexander permitte...

• Word Count: 2829
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate