The clan leader owned all of the land in the clan's area, and the men who fought for him were given land in return to farm and raise their families. Of course, as the empire fell, these clans became kingdoms, ruled in turn by kings. ... In turn, these vassals would enhoeff the land to other men, who would then pay homage to him as well. ... As the years went on and wars were waged, even kings became vassals of other kings, such as when Richard the Lionheart of England tried to gain the region of Aquitaine in northern France as a fief from his new wife's father. ... With a standing a...

• Word Count: 916
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

He came from a line of great men. ... The kings of Europe chose Charles Martel to lead an army to the last line of defense in Europe. ... Charles had them all beheaded. ... He would tell the nobles of all of his counties to prepare their men. ... In 806 Charlemagne's empire became so large that it needed more kings to control. ...

• Word Count: 1906
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

For all the time it took Napoleon to conquer Europe, it was almost over night that he lost it all. ... Most of the old kings were given back their lands and France was reduced. ... As you can see Napoleon Bonaparte was one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. ... He killed almost half a million of his men, not to mention the men he killed that were not his enemies. For all his intelligence and skill Napoleon was a terrible man. ...

• Word Count: 619
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

The Viking kings were more than just leaders of their armies. ... There could be several kings at one time during the Viking Age. ... A unit of sixty men could man a ship of only fifteen rooms (398). ... Lawson figured out the size of Danish ships and the number of men they carried (392). ... I thought they robbed people for a living and sailed in their ships all day. ...

• Word Count: 898
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

The power that once lay solely upon kings was no longer completely theirs but had to be shared with local rulers. ... Men began to emphasize scholasticism and universities, schools of thought and forgotten Roman principles. ... All these changes would be the roots of modern civilization. ...

• Word Count: 574
• Approx Pages: 2

During the middle ages festivals were popular, celebrated many different things, and were meant to be a time of joy for all people during these times. Everyone from Kings, Nobles, Merchants, Peasants were included in these celebrations. ... Both were important to all people for those helped create people a proper life. ... Singing hymns and sobbing, the men beat themselves with scourges studded with iron spikes. ... Not only were Kings, Popes, and religious advisors held to high religious standards but peasants and normal class people were just as effected by the rules and laws of strict relig...

• Word Count: 1048
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography

Many men and women, overworked and malnourished, where practically owned by the Lords and Kings to whom their land belonged. ... Many also claim that the crusades killed thousands of men who would have lived much longer lives without the religious influence that called them to their deaths on a crusade. Truly the men who died fighting on the battlefields and on the journeys to Jerusalem may have lived much longer and fruitful lives, but the crusades made people feel their lives were necessary and not just another tombstone. ... Nearly all aspects of the European religious ideals have positi...

• Word Count: 1002
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The conjunction of Franconian kings and Kaiser with the papacy had a long lasting significance just not for the successive history of Franconia, but also for the entire Europe. ... To resolve this issue, while Ludwig was in power he came up with number of plans to divide the Carolingian Empire equally among all to resolve the issue. ... After three years of hostile fight, struggling and discussions, all the involving parties were settled over the legacy of their father, Louis the Pious, in Verdun in 843. ... Meetings of the three leaders recognized and developed rules to control all their resp...

• Word Count: 3025
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The financial crisis in France would soon be solved once all of France has committed to free market capitalism. ... The Convention try's to make France a republic, which would mean no more kings. ... Robespierre and the committee practically led every aspect of the economy during this stage, therefore giving them all the power. Ultimately Robespierre becomes greedy and the super power by killing all of his rivals and leads himself to his own death where he meets Louis XVI. ... The houses include Council of Elders that had about 200 men, Council of 500, and Directory, which had five lea...

• Word Count: 1221
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Renaissance was when all of this began to change. ... Men would often jump, leap, kick, and cross their feet in midair while women hopped and where whirled around by their partners. ... While the musicians were all experienced, the dancers in this production were all amateurs who were chosen among the members of the court. ... The kings' day consisted of multiple public theatrical events where he was the main performer. ... Men said they saw in hers complete - The perfect dance.""...

• Word Count: 1480
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

Ferdinand II is described good-natured man, not that possessed more virtues than most kings did. ... An army of 20,000 men crossed the Bohemian border and marched on Pilsen, a Catholic stronghold 52 miles southwest of Prague. ... The young Protestant leader with his 12,000 men was in desperate need of help. ... This cost Christian 2,000 men and most of his cargo. ... This document nullified Protestant titles to all Roman Catholic property expropriated since the Peace of Augsburg. ...

• Word Count: 2101
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"It was much like a knife, and is found in almost all cultures" (6). ... "Japanese sword play became an art as well as a skill, with carefully observed rules that typified he Japanese concern for style in all aspects of life" (8). ... Even kings used maces. ... "Floating fortresses, the ships carried a total of 2,500 guns and 30,000 men, two thirds of them soldiers. ...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

In response to the new thinking that was sparked by the Enlightenment, Romanticism, the Industrial Revolution and other changes in society, bloody and peaceful revolutions took place all over Europe. ... After the grand yet tragic rule of Louis XIV, the Bourbon kings watched as their power slipped out of their hands like a bar of soap. ... It did away with all special privileges in landed property, abolished feudalism, and vastly improved the conditions of the working class. ... The bourgeois (mainly the men of property) was well satisfied by their Directory as they called it, because it gra...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate