In contrast, the Mesopotamian city-states were led by kings and were much less stable than Egypt. ... The Mesopotamians had kings, priests, nobles, artisans, merchants, and slaves to make up their population. ... Women of upper classes did not have equal rights to men of the same class. Women were less equal than lower class men because their work was not as valued as that of men. ... Egyptian women had a higher role than women in Mesopotamia and they were equal to men. ...

• Word Count: 778
• Approx Pages: 3

Legend has it that one of the kingdoms conquered the other under the rule of king Menes who would become the first king of Egypt. ... Egyptian kings were known as pharaohs and served as law makers, chiefs of justice, and supreme priests. ... Egyptian kings began to claim they were descended from the gods and were the son of the sun god, Re. ... For 200 years no pharaoh ruled over all of Egypt. ... Peace returned to Egypt and the kings of the twelfth dynasty led Egypt to its height in trade and economic power. ...

• Word Count: 559
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

Pyramids are remote and mysterious mountains of stone that were built as burial chambers, believed to help the kings into the afterlife. ... After all, the home of a god or goddess. ... Both men and women used cosmetics and wore jewellery. ... Both men and women wore sandals made of papyrus. ... Nevertheless, men and women, including the wealthy, were frequently portrayed barefoot. ...

• Word Count: 1586
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

His name was Sargon, and he conquered all of Mesopotamia. ... The King was the owner and ruler of all Egypt and was considered a god by the people. ... Pyramids were built for the tombs of the kings, and were one of the main activities of the kings during their rule. ... During the New Kingdom the kings were now called pharaohs. ... Women were legally equal to men but in their own class. ...

• Word Count: 1372
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Minoan, Mayan, Olmec, Islamic, Egypt, Greek, Roman, China, and India all shared similar qualities of a civilization. ... The characteristics of a civilization include its ethics, laws, technology, philosophy, religion, literature, and art, which are all forms of knowledge. ... It is seen throughout history that women were not superior to men because they did not hunt and protect the village like men did. ... No longer were priests at the top of the social class strusture, kings replaced priests as rulers and carried out the religious affairs of the king's religion. ... Although kings wer...

• Word Count: 1076
• Approx Pages: 4

Over 5 million years ago, primates walked on all fours. ... Because the plow required considerable strength, it was used only by men. Men spent most of the rest of their time raiding or looking out for raiders, so women mostly did everything else which involved lots of drudgery. 5. ... All officials did everything in his name, and conducted their duties subject to his pleasure. ... Pyramids were built to show the greatness of their kings which served as tombs and houses for their departed spirits. 2. ...

• Word Count: 4738
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

The Egyptians believed that all living people were given a ka. ... Herodotus and Diodorus describe Khufu (the first Great Pyramid builder) as a Pharaoh that "compelled tens of thousands of men to work on his tomb, brought misery to the country, and shut down temples. ... With this temple he created the impetus for most of the following 5th Dynasty kings to build their funerary monuments at Abusir (Winston 1). ... After Sahure there were an additional five pyramids/temples built and all were dedicated to the sun god. ... Thus, this subjugation to Ra was a sign of humility displayed by the...

• Word Count: 1747
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ay succeeded Tutankhamen as king and held his funeral in the Valley of the Kings, which is a burial center at Thebes. ... Tut's tomb lay in the Valley, just to reach the valleys floor tens of thousands of tons of rock and sand was removed by men filling baskets, and boys carrying them to a vacant lot, emptying them, and returning again and again. They all worked very hard. ... All of these were within a large quartzite sarcophagus. ...

• Word Count: 537
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

All three religions believe in one God. ... Kings of the Dead Ancient Egyptians believed that when the pharaoh died, he became Osiris, "king of the dead." ... There are many manufacturing cities all close to Cairo and Alexandria. ... All of these collapsed over a period of time. ... Certain Muslim groups have their women cover up all of their body except their eyes and their hands. ...

• Word Count: 1831
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

All part of The Great Pyramids is the pyramid of King Khafre, the pyramid of King Khufu, pyramid of King Menkure, and The Great Guardian Sphinx. ... They all had an outer casing of carefully dressed stone. ... The next was the Kings chamber. ... Archeologists said, "It was possibly to link the Kings spirit to the stars." ... King Khafre ordered his men to carve the colossal statue from ragged out crop left behind at a query site by King Khufu's workmen. ...

• Word Count: 1172
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

The unity of the Nile is represented in many ways such as the two men with beards trying to control two mythical beasts representing the two lands. The men are shown with beards to emphasize that they are Libyans and that Narmur also has control of that land. ... Also significant is his size compared to all the others on the pallet. ... Each of these towns had chiefs declaring themselves king of all Egypt. ... This unity brought about a series of warrior kings who conquered foreign lands and returned Egypt to its glorious state. ...

• Word Count: 1597
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Unlike Sumer, Egypt moved fairly directly from pre-civilization to large government units, without passing through a city-state phase, though the first pharaoh, Narmer, had to conquer a number of petty local kings around 3100 B.C. ... By the same token, however, Egyptian politics tended to be more authoritarian as well as centralized, for city-states in the Mesopotamian style, though often ruled by kings, also provided the opportunity for councils and other participatory institutions. ... In all its phases, Egyptian civilization was characterized by the strength of the pharaoh. ... Given the...

• Word Count: 2162
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

By his addition of a front pylon he believed that all work behind his front pylon was claimed' as his own doings. ... Ramses thought nothing of adding his name to the other kings' monuments and statues. ... And in the Hymn to Ramses II he was described as a god; The good god, the strong one, whom men praise, the lord, in whom men make their boast: who protecteth his soldiers, who maketh his boundaries on earth as he will, like Re when he shineth over the circle of the world, - he, the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Usimare-Chosen-of-Re, son of Re, lord of diadems, Ramsesses-Belove...

• Word Count: 1449
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Back in the Old and Middle Kingdoms, the army's weapons consisted of anything the men could find to throw at the enemy. They were much unorganised and the men in the army were conscripted, untalented, everyday men. ... The Aamu, Libyans and Nubians were of no threat at all to the Egyptians. ... All of these armies were unable to defeat the Egyptian army during Thutmose's reign. ... The blue "war crown" was often worn in statues and reliefs and many kings led their armies into battle, Thutmose III was very big on his "warrior pharaoh" image and was mainly focused on his militar...

• Word Count: 1647
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Mainly women wear anklets, but history says that they are rare cases it was seen on men. ... In India, men, women and children all wore anklets. And also the kings often rewarded anklets to nobles, landlords and local officials as a precious gift. ...

• Word Count: 1465
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

In 3100 B.C Pharaoh Menes united upper and lower Egypt. ... Menes ruled from the ancient city of Thinis near Abydos. ... A census of fields and of all cattle was taken every two years. ... The state controlled all foreign trade and owned the mines and quarries. ... Egypt's power and prosperity were largely the result of the exploits of a few kings. ...

• Word Count: 1562
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

He did all of this while being in his early teenage years 21. ... King Tut's restoration policies had a positive effect on all of Egypt. ... In November of 1922, Lord Carnarvon funded an expedition to the Valley of the Kings. ... Howard Carter had been digging in the Valley of Kings since 1903 and made few important discoveries. ... When a pharaoh is crowned their tomb is started, but because the tombs are so elaborate for the kings it takes many years to complete them. ...

• Word Count: 2408
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

Egypt marked the passage of time with kings and dynasties as evidenced in Egyptian art. Egyptian monumental art began on a large scale with Pharaonic rule, originating when King Narmer (Menes) united Upper and Lower Egypt. Egyptian kings were considered gods and were depicted as such in art of the time as is seen in the Palette of Narmer. ... Religious beliefs of the period held that a happy life after death existence depended on the continuation of all phases of the earthly life of the deceased. ...

• Word Count: 2149
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Both men and women would be colored with ochre. The men would be colored red and the women yellow. 2 After being Colored and stuffed, it's was then ready to be wrapped. ... Tutankhamen's gold mask Not all mummies went through this process. ... They all generally consist of two main parts, the burial chamber and the funerary chapel. ... Like all pyramids they were built in groups and were part of a vast cemetery complex. ...

• Word Count: 1856
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

All history is a current event." ... This is the technique used to map when all the living things die. Due to the fact that all living things contain carbon. ... Basically all the components needed for the development of a rich and vast civilisation. For any civilisation as massive and prosperous as Egypt would grow, there becomes a need for a complex and intricate hierarchy to be put in place, which created a social structure of kings, nobles and common folk. ...

• Word Count: 1546
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The phalanx was easily routed and if it remained unbroken, all but ensured victory or at least came out unscathed. ... Alexander himself led the last charge up the left flank attempting to go after Darius, but Darius had already fled and this took the fight out of his men, causing panic throughout the ranks. ... Domesticated agriculture was all around the Mediterranean Sea, by 3000 BC. ... In the Early Dynastic Period, the first Egyptian royal dynasty, Egypt was ruled by a king called Menes. Menes was able to unite both Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom. ...

• Word Count: 2359
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Being that the women in Egypt carried the royal blood and not the males, it was common for men to marry a sister, half-sister or other near relative. ... Although Tuthmose II was pharaoh, many believed Hatshepsut made all decisions concerning the kingdom. ... With the full support of the high priest Amun and other officials, and dressed in men's clothing, Hatshepsut tended to the affairs of the kingdom. ... Describing herself as one of the predestined by an oracle of Amon since the creation to restore the ritual purification of all the temples. ... All provinces helped in its construction...

• Word Count: 2038
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

1 MEDICINE IN THE ANCIENT WORLD In today's society medicine is created by a world of computers and cutting edge technology, but from the roots of medicine merged remedies and treatments that are still used today by many professionals. The medicine of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans s...

• Word Count: 2542
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

Men usually wore loincloths or short kilts. ... Therefore eye doctors were in great demand and kings from neighboring lands would ask the gift of an experienced eye doctor to join their court. ... Trachoma causes fifty percent of all blindness, and is contagious. ... The first ever mummification was in Egypt and the process was used for centuries to come by all Egyptian peoples. ... What citizens believed also depended on where they lived, but there were common gods to all people too. ...

• Word Count: 2745
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School