The Rashidun caliphate, following Mohammed's lead, began a period of expansion that would stretch from Morocco to India (18.) ... Equality for all Muslims was mandated, and a Muslim's options greatly expanded. ... Though the millet system differed from region to region, all operations were overseen by the Sultan. Amidst all of this expansion, continued centralization and an increasingly more open hand and heart to foreigners, trade flourished unlike it had ever before. ... He was impressed by western military techniques, technology and prowess and sought to emulate them. ...

• Word Count: 2157
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Identification: For the field assignment I visited the Ottawa Mosque on Friday 6th February 2004 at 12:00 pm, for the Jummah (Friday) prayer, which is the most significant one for the Muslims from all the days of the week. ... It is visible quite easily from two blocks away, due to its large minaret and a huge spherical dome. ... The interior is painted all in white. ... He himself is from Cairo, Egypt. ... It was quite interesting and yet funny at the same time. ...

• Word Count: 1676
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

The Christian monasteries maintained libraries, copied ancient manuscripts, employed astronomers and preserved the knowledge accumulated through the centuries of western civilization. ... These pagan religions did not have very organized practices and were, quite frankly, usually irrational which made it hard to relate everyday life to. ... A huge innovation that came about from Christianity was the clock. ... Darwin wrote a book called Origin of Species which proposed that all species on this earth originated from older species- the theory of evolution. It went against one of the very fir...

• Word Count: 1704
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

While Muslims from outside Palestine stay away voluntarily, the Muslims of Palestine are prevented by force from attending to their daily prayers at the mosque. ... How can we sit back and watch while western lackeys like Hussein and his kind bargain away the first Qiblah? ... The place has been crucial to the Ummah in the past, and it has a crucial role to play in the future; even a cursory reading of the Ahadith shows this quite clearly. ... Peace without Justice is no peace at all. Apart from anything else, Masjid Al-Aqsa is a verse of the Holy Qur'an. ...

• Word Count: 1174
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Today's actions alone aren't all there were on the topic of religious warfare. ... The effects varied from a wide variation of moral in-justifications. ... These women are treated like women from the industrial revolution in the Western nations today. ... Religion brings the 7% of all warfare today with an incalculable casualty. ... Religions have been proven to be dangerous and quite useless. ...

• Word Count: 1151
• Approx Pages: 5

Since the September 11th terrorist attack in US soil, terror attempts have risen across the world and although a number have been thwarted, quite many have also been successful resulting in many casualties (Boyle, 2011). ... The Threat of Radical Islam in the Middle East Radical Islam in the Middle East poses a threat on peace not only in the region but to the Western world since jihadists view the West as enemies of their fundamentalist ideologies. Radical Islam poses a threat in that it facilitates the rise of violent jihadists who then spread to all corners of the earth and are willing to s...

• Word Count: 3221
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Gandhi believed that from his weakness he failed a thousand times, but he would not lose faith. ... It was this unseen power that makes itself felt and yet defies all proof, because it is so unlike all that can be perceived through human senses (Fischer Essential 125). It is above all the senses. ... For Gandhi, Hinduism was all sufficing. ... He felt that his religion enabled, obliges him, to embody all that it good in all the great religions of the earth (Fischer Essential 299). ...

• Word Count: 3183
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

The majority of this chapter from the book has made me come to an understanding on how messed up our country really is. ... The word in question is Jihad, the notion of Jihad was not limited to anti-communism but rather to anti-modernity and the ideas that the CIA were feeding to the Muslims were not limiting their hatred to Russia, but rather to all western countries. ... The United States basically gave the Afghans everything they needed to know about being violent, so I am extremely confused as to why they are upset, when they created this mess from the start. ... Overall, Mamdani's r...

• Word Count: 2152
• Approx Pages: 9

Pakistanis are quite diplomatic when expressing views about others. 3. ... Pakistanis don't like to discuss their women in public and gender equality is perceived as a western influence in their society. ... It is not appropriate to hold someone back from prayer. ... The Muhajirs are immigrants from India who migrated at the time of independence and are scattered all over the country. ... The eldest male is the family leader and makes all significant decisions regarding the family and its members. ...

• Word Count: 4616
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Since Kurdistan is a very diverse region there are mountains that separate the Kurds from each other. ... The Kurds lost their independent state as it was reclaimed by the countries that they took it from, leaving them without a self-ruled state. ... Like all other cultures, the Kurds have language. ... The Kurdish language is from the Indo-European language family then goes into the Indo-Iranian branch then to the Iranian branch then to the western branch then the northwestern branch. ... A dialect forms from an array of factors but mostly from natural barriers like mountains and deserts. ...

• Word Count: 5728
• Approx Pages: 23
• Grade Level: High School