In 1815, at the Congress of Vienna, Tsar Alexander was quite prepared to use the congress to pursue the traditional aims of foreign policy, in particular the aims of westward expansion and European dominance, which greatly angered the Western states. ... The socialist Bolshevik regime believed in all men being equal, although democracy certainly wasn't part of their intentions. The western powers looked on with horror at the Bolshevik Revolution. ... They were so far ahead of all the other countries in power and influence that they were called "superpowers". ... Both Washington and ...

• Word Count: 3123
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

It can be approached from different perspectives and consequently defined in quite different ways. ... All the cultural distinctions of all the nationalities constitute the American culture, which is often referred to as "a melting pot", "a pot of stew" or "a salad dish". ... As members of a cultural group have had similar social and cultural experiences, the meaning of a word is shared by them all, but it may be different in certain aspects from the meaning this word has for people of other cultural groups, that is, word meaning, particularly the meaning of culturally loaded words, may vary i...

• Word Count: 2958
• Approx Pages: 12

But not all countries of the camp of the winners were able to conduct this fight, since suffered serious losses in economic terms. ... This is primarily to assist in removing the United States from the theater of operations and the associated security investments. ... It was with these weapons the US administration has decided to pursue a policy of defending its national interests in the world, "the US military said this quite openly. ... However, by 1945 the country was far from the pre-war economic indicators. ... In addition, the Soviet troops were pushed forward away from its immediate bor...

• Word Count: 4151
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If the Soviet Union were the face attack from these capitalist powers it would need a stronger industrial platform with which to launch a successful war effort. ... However, it is quite possible that Stalin overstated the probability of war deliberately to push through his ambitions and to strengthen his personal power within the party. ... These concerned were expressed at both high and low levels and the five-year plans were seen as both a revolution from above and a revolution from below. ... The N.E.P had created a large amount of friction within the party at all levels and this was beginn...

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Romania - a Special Case - Corruption, Deficiencies of the Party System, Authoritarianism - Not quite two years before local elections, one and a half years before parliamen-tary elections and two years before presidential elections, Romania seems to be standing at a crossroads. ... This aimed at creating the impression of an honest Government serving exclusively the welfare of the country and a modern, westwardly oriented ruling party as well as at presenting an altogether positive report on the Government's activity in all areas. ... The results of the domestic policy on the ...

• Word Count: 6376
• Approx Pages: 26
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In October 1917, the Red Army joined the Revolutionists and put down once and for all the Tsarist Régime that had reigned over Russian since the fifteenth century. The streets were filled with joy, as all through Russia artists embraced the Revolution, calling for a change. ... In the words of Kazimir Malevich, he declared "Let us seize [the world] from the hands of nature and build a new world belonging to [man] himself" (Gray 219). ... Avant-garde artist Igor Grabar recloection when meeting Lenin can best explain Lenin's Plan For Monumental Propaganda when he said "I've ...

• Word Count: 4641
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Australia at Vietnam War In the years following the end of the Second World War, colonies of the Western Powers throughout Africa and Asia were clamouring for self-determination and nationhood. ... They were not all communist, although communists actively involved themselves in most of the "wars of liberation", forming blocs within other movements where they did not have the strength to stand alone. ... Nowhere was this trend more evident than in the region of South-east Asia, where the Japanese occupation, even if it achieved nothing else, destroyed the myth of white supremacy for good and...

• Word Count: 4606
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Such a pretext would have been unbelievable, in light of the fact that Russian- speaking people suffered from the bombing of Grozny at least as much as the native population. ... The tragedy in Chechnya not withstanding, and with all due concern towards the dangerous tensions that exist between Moscow and it various ethnic republics, I agree with Gail Lapidus and Edward Walker that it is unlikely that we will see a significant secession movement in the Russian Federation in the near future. ... All established democracies are located in countries that place economic manufacture and a...

• Word Count: 4108
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography