Introduction The Middle Passage is the crossing of the Ocean from Africa to America of African people, who passed from the state of liberty to the state of slavery, and took place between the XVI and XIX centuries. ... The Diaspora gives birth to a new human being: the African American, who links together the African and the American culture. ... This line is a sort of leitmotiv in slave literature, because of its incisiveness and clearness. ... For Africans the slave ship is a hell over the water. ... The first one uses many documents, reports and testimonies produced by the Eng...

• Word Count: 4160
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

Cumulatively, as late as 1820, nearly four Africans had crossed the Atlantic for every European, and, given the differences in the sex ratios between European and African migrant streams, about four out of every five females that traversed the Atlantic were from Africa. ... The Enslavement of Africans But why were the slaves always African? ... African capacity to resist Europeans ensured that sugar plantations were established in the Americas rather than in Africa. ... Winds and currents also ensured that Africans carried to Brazil came overwhelmingly from Angola, with south-east Africa and...

• Word Count: 4994
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The book was focused on the primitive modern sense of what it meant to be an African-American during the Harlem Renaissance. ... During the early 1920's when Toomer was writing there was much emphasis on becoming a 'New Negro', forging a new identity for ones self through the mediums of literature, art and music. ... However, by 1922 his work had appeared in many magazines including Double Dealer that sought to publish African-American poets and writers. ... Georgia forces the mixed-race Kabnis, who could be an allusion to Toomer himself, to confront the African-American past. ...

• Word Count: 3347
• Approx Pages: 13

Its goal was to send the free slaves to Liberia, Africa. ... Frederick Douglass - Frederick Douglass, (1818-1895), was the leading spokesman of African Americans in the 1800's. ... Harriet Tubman - Harriet Tubman was an African American whose daring rescues helped hundreds of slaves escape to freedom. ... Although her career was short, it set the stage for the African American women speakers who followed: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman, among others. ... Douglass, an eloquent ex-slave from Maryland, was the leading African American spokesperson of the ti...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School