That is, if you could break apart a piece of chalk as long as you wanted, would you ever reach a point where division was impossible? ... In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged. ... Rutherford and a few other of his associates did an experiment where they blasted a thin piece of gold foil with alpha particles "which are positively charged." ...
Nuclear energy comes directly from atoms. In most common processes, atoms of a heavy element such as uranium are split. Small amounts of matter in the atoms are converted to energy by the reaction. Large amounts of energy are release by atomic reactions. Electricity can be generated by this energy. ...
Metals are good conductors of electricity because these 'free' or delocalised electrons carry the charge of an electric current when a potential difference (voltage) is applied across a piece of metal. ... A large amount of thermal energy is required to separate the ions which are bound by strong electrical forces. ...
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2000: Conductive polymers Contents Prize motivation 1 Conductive polymers - a surprising discovery 1 What is electrical conductivity? 2 What makes a material conductive? 3 Conductive polymers - the story 4 Applications of conductive polymers 5 Synthesis and processing 6 Mechanism of polymer conductivity - role of doping 6 Molecular electron-transfer theory 11 Electroluminescent polymers - second-generation conductive polymers 13 From silicon physics to molecular electronics 14 References and further reading 15 Prize motivation The Royal Swedish A...
