In the healthcare setting, a translator serves as an interpreter, and in order to be competent, such individuals must be "bilingual, bi-cultural and understand the English medical vocabulary " and at the same time it has been stressed that interpreters assume multiple roles, such as "translator of the language, culture broker and consumer (patient) advocate, conveying both expectations and concerns. " (Beyond Translation and Tolerance p. 15). ...
Page 7 of Robert A Dahl's book "Polyarchy-Participation and Opposition" (1971), provides a figure conceptualizing liberalization, inclusiveness and democratization with the help of which countries can be termed as either inclusive or closed hegemonies, or competitive oligarchies or polyarchies. On this figure, Nigeria falls in between competitive oligarchies and polyarchies and China falls under competitive oligarchy. In this essay, I would like to compare these two countries on the basis of Dahl's concept of participation and contestation with reference to two other institutions-the...