Whilst they claim that a meritocratic society gives high reward (financially and status-wise) to motivate the most gifted and inequality means those disadvantaged wish to improve on their position, there is much resentment over "fat-cat" pay packets in today's world. ... Crompton (1998) gives the example of him identifying numerous class such as the industrial and petty bourgeoisie, financiers and "lumpenproletariat" in his account of "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte" (1962). ... Note : the key Marxist theory is based on industrial capitalism, and thus could be seen as som...

• Word Count: 840
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Critical theorist, such as Lukacs argue that the positivistic approach in the contemporary and modern sociological theories has made ideologies more immobilizing, through the 'reification' process of culture and practices by identifying it as 'natural or naturelike', hence giving the impression that these ideologies can't be changed (Agger, 1998:82). ... The main criticism that critical theory faces is the lack of positive contributions to the society by not giving an idea on how to overcome the social ills that is present in societies (Ritzer, 2011:286). ... Why he...

• Word Count: 1843
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune. " However, this apparent atmosphere of cheerfulness and extreme satisfaction with life conditions at the farm run counter to the actual situation of the animals. ... In the same vein, in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," (Notes Towards an Investigation, 1972) the French philosopher Louis Althusser uses a Marxist perspective to study the relationship, in the modern context, between the governed and the governor. ...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

This breeds an entire generation of people whose perception of the world is molded and shaped by the mass media they consumed, creating what Kendell and her colleagues would term to be "media culture" as they made note of certain observable behavioral traits that young people display due to the influence of the media consumed, such as being violent and self-entitled, as well as affecting the concept of self-identities amongst the youth (Kendall, 2011, p. 97). ... Robinson's premise was further enhanced by Stroud's article on selective exposure, which discussed how the gover...

• Word Count: 2019
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Because, it is not the "norm" that children attend school with an unpleasant smell and looking dirty (Reference) argues that, teachers let the pupils do the "bullying" to keep up to the standards of the institutional habitus and expectations, what is more in correspondence to (Mills, 2002), a person who is from a disadvantage background can benefit being in a institutional habitus, as it therefore can change their outcome to the child, by the professionals leading and giving them the right information to the child. ...

• Word Count: 3489
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate