The concepts of 'Jiyushugi' (principle of self-judgement) and 'Bummei Kaika' (civilisation and enlightenment) had been celebrated through the writings of earlier Meiji intellectuals such as Fukuzawa Yukichi and Nakamura Masano15, and had remained sufficiently vitalised up until the 1920's with political organisations such as the Kenseikai party (Constitutional Government party) making considerable apparent headway in achieving democratic governance. ...

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