The major infectious diseases experienced by isolated hunting and gathering bands are likely to have been two types: zoonotic diseases, caused by organisms whose life cycles were largely independent of human habits; and chronic diseases, handed directly from person to person, the transmission of which were unlikely to have been discouraged by small group size. ... The history of human life expectancy is much harder to describe or summarize with any precision because the evidence is so fragmentary and so many controversies are involved in its interpretation (Cohen 138). ... There is no eviden...

• Word Count: 1151
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

"Passive euthanasia,"" on the other hand, refers to a decision not to treat a life threatening condition on the grounds that no extraordinary measures should be taken to save the life of someone who is either terminally ill or in great pain. ... But, in trying to blur the distinction between killing and letting die, Callahan insists, we suggest that there is no difference between things that are outside of our control (such as disease and suffering) and things that are within our control (such as the power to take a human life) "thus overemphasizing the place of human beings in the univer...

• Word Count: 952
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate