The National party's notion of separating race groups was helped by pre-apartheid policies called the native land acts of 1913 and further revisions in 1923 which created homelands for the various black ethnic groups that inhibit South Africa (Christopher, 1994, 65).The apartheid government would further strengthen this act by making black individuals in South Africa citizens of their ethnically designated homelands and therefore foreigners to white South Africa to further instigate racist policies . ... The governments justification for pass laws where various , Herbert Cooke a govern...

• Word Count: 2088
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

For example, Thorsten Sellin (1935) conducted simple comparisons of the average length of sentences given to black, native-born and foreign-born white male prisoners within very broad offense categories. ... This movement was part of a broader shift toward formalism and rationalization in American criminal law. ...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate