New levels of technology that had never been seen in Africa were introduced, such as electricity and telecommunications. Some Africans benefited from these developments intended for all, but new forms of inequality and tensions arose when the colonial powers left: between traditional and modern, upper class and lower, and urban and rural, where there had not been such tensions before. Without opportunities created by the linking of Africa to the western world, it is unlikely that indigenous ruling classes would have catapulted themselves from pre-capitalist levels of wealth to modern bourgeois...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

New levels of technology that had never been seen in Africa were introduced, such as electricity and telecommunications. Some Africans benefited from these developments intended for all, but new forms of inequality and tensions arose when the colonial powers left: between traditional and modern, upper class and lower, and urban and rural, where there had not been such tensions before. Without opportunities created by the linking of Africa to the western world, it is unlikely that indigenous ruling classes would have catapulted themselves from pre-capitalist levels of wealth to modern bourgeois...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

When the cities and territories become wider and expanded, there was a close collaboration with the development of science & technology around the world, the USA's National Academy of Sciences happens to be developing a large effort to promote scientific swap and to help build and support the capacity of local governments in smaller cities in the developing world to address their own serious metropolitan challenges. ... From Cape Coast in modern Ghana to Luanda in Angola, founded in 1579 by the Portuguese, Atlantic port towns nominally under European control helped to foster a cosmopolita...

• Word Count: 2178
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate