At the same time, criminal measures have their differentiated and significant position in the system of special measures of the necessary government response. ... The mechanism of this control assigned criminal and customs laws the place of last chance when other economic, social and legal measures to solve this problem are clearly insufficient. ...
Nevertheless, positivist victimology has "ensured the development and refinement of quantitative measures of victimisation" throughout the discipline of victimology. ... However, with no tangible evidence to support this, it is difficult to measure and come to substantial conclusions. ...
Abstract In the past couple of decades, public schools in the United States have enforced increasingly punitive methods of discipline. In response to perceived elevation in juvenile crime and school violence, the Clinton Administration signed into law the Gun-Free Schools act of 1994. The act requir...
