In response to economic conditions created by capitalism, socialists argued that social order is maintained through production owned in common, a cooperative sense of human nature, and proactive government intervention. ... Another distinction between individualist and socialist thought stems from differing assumptions about human nature, cooperative vs. self, and how they affect beliefs on who should own the means of production and how wealth should be distributed. Under socialist theories, human nature is inherently cooperative leading to the greatest social benefit from production owned in...

• Word Count: 1068
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

A spontaneous fictitious backlash occurs in order to protect nature and economic resources from commodification of market units. ... The natures of markets prior to the industrial revolution and the emergence of the capitalist economy where markets in which market prices were determined more by adherence to social, religious and political normative forces than forces of competition in trade (Polanyi; 1994). ... Polanyi argues that negative consequences are inevitable from pursuing this utopian ideal as a struggle for resources in a resource-scarce world will ultimately lead to demise of natu...

• Word Count: 1246
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

In his 1969 work, "The State in Capitalist Society," Ralph Miliband outlined what he saw as several key aspects of the nature of the neoliberal world. ... Seeing as fee paying schools are, by their very nature, accessible to only a small portion of the population through their fees and the family connections required to attend, they are merely another social mechanism to retain Britain's wealth within a select elite. ... The idea of a national minimum wage and set maximum working hours are two examples of such intervention, and while such notions are indisputably necessary and in keeping ...

• Word Count: 2635
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Article Reviews As editor of the book, "Exploring Post-Development," Aram Ziai provides an introductory look at the discussions of post-development theory, taking a cursory look at the various arguments for, or against, post-development. Ziai expertly delivers an overview of the post-development movement, having arisen in the 1980s as a response to the dissatisfaction with the concept and practice of "development" already in place. Ziai more or less defines this movement as placing an emphasis on alternatives to development via grassroots, local and regional movements. Alongside su...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate