To define critical theory, Karakayali states that it "primarily aims to reveal which is repressed in/by the social" (Karakayali, 2004:353; Ritzer, 2011:284). ... According to Agger (1998:78-79) the theory was developed to reformulate theories of Marxism on two important foundations, which is: 1) "how positivism has become mythology" and 2) "offers the concept of the culture industry to explain aspects of ideological and cultural manipulation". Thus, from the statement, it is crucial to understand that critical theory did not reject Marxism completely but rather ai...

• Word Count: 1843
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

According to Milner, Political economy can be defined as a "culturalist sense of the antithesis between culture and utilitarian capitalist civilisation [combined with] a utilitarian sense of the importance of material interest" (Milner, 1991: 40). ... So, while it can be said that Cunningham and Flew are significantly influenced by Marxism, shown previously by the political economy concept, they are primarily discussing modern issues from an enlightened perspective, shown by their reference to reason, freedom, power struggle, individualism and political economy. ...

• Word Count: 1551
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate