In response to perceived elevation in juvenile crime and school violence, the Clinton Administration signed into law the Gun-Free Schools act of 1994. ... The failure on behalf of these policies to create safer schools calls for reform and the implementation of evidence-based alternatives to school discipline. ... During the 1980's, the United States saw an increase in drug use and drug related crime throughout the country. ... This era, known as the War on Drugs, introduced zero-tolerance policies as a measure of combating this crime wave that so many feared. These tough-on-crime laws a...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Indeed, one of the main purposes of the UN Charter is: To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace. ... The concept of collective security enshrined in the UN Charter is based on the principle that each of its Members, as sovereign State, has the control of a given territory and the monopoly of the use of force and that the legal responsibility for the use of force, internally (by the police), or externally to defend its territory militarily...

• Word Count: 9871
• Approx Pages: 39
• Grade Level: Graduate

Instead, they have suggested that the connections between race and sentencing outcomes are exceedingly complex, conditioned by a diverse set of variables, including characteristics of the defendant, the victim, the crime itself and the geographical area where it took place, as well as the bureaucratic organization of local courts, the culture of courtroom workgroups, and even broader features of the social and political environments in which case processing takes place. ... The federal parole guidelines, initially developed in the late 1960s, allowed parole hearing examiners to set the length...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Using a foundation based on green criminology, the potential case against major players in the biotechnological industry, such as Monsanto, will be explored. ... The results of using this method reveals a shortcoming in the institutional regulation of potential threats to human health, since GM products are assumed safe without animal testing based solely on their superfluous similarities to non-GM crops. ... The horrific effects of Monsanto's dioxin-based herbicide reaped well-documented health consequences on U.S. veterans, Vietnamese civilians, civilian crops, and did non-repairabl...

• Word Count: 3198
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

"We the people of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of a human person, in the equal rights of men and women in nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom."" Thus is stated in the prea...

• Word Count: 2668
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Graduate

Introduction Terrorism, often specific to the area in which it occurs, is a special domain for the exercise of state sovereignty and, in this context, the comparative study of anti-terrorist legislation is a fruitful line of study. Can we combat a nationalist terrorism whose structures are founded on national historical and ideological roots, in the same way as international terrorism whose strength lies in the capacity of its perpetrators to have access to modern communication methods to convey their ideas and achieve their goals? And if and when several forms of terrorism emerge in the same ...

• Word Count: 10522
• Approx Pages: 42
• Grade Level: Graduate