Instead, they have suggested that the connections between race and sentencing outcomes are exceedingly complex, conditioned by a diverse set of variables, including characteristics of the defendant, the victim, the crime itself and the geographical area where it took place, as well as the bureaucratic organization of local courts, the culture of courtroom workgroups, and even broader features of the social and political environments in which case processing takes place. ... The federal parole guidelines, initially developed in the late 1960s, allowed parole hearing examiners to set the length...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate