The history of zero tolerance policies in the United States in addition to psychological research and case studies, provide evidence that these policies cause more harm than good to schools and students.  ... Many schools began to adopt zero-tolerance policies as a means of creating a safer school environment. ... In this setting, the policies were defined as "a school or district policy that mandates predetermined consequences or punishments for specific offenses" (Kang-Brown et al., 2011). ... As a federal mandate, schools reliant on federal funding had to adopt this strict, no-...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

On the other side of argument were the so-called supporters of "get tough" on crime policies. This group believed crime policies were too lenient (Austin, Jones, Kramer, & Renninger, 2004). ... However, prison administrators have limited control over prisoner release other than through good-time credits. ... Although determinate sentences are geared more toward crime control instead of needs of the offenders, it does not preclude treatment programs, especially if the treatment is focus on community corrections as treatment. ...

• Word Count: 791
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

In our opinion, the main reasons for the low efficiency of interaction of customs and other law enforcement agencies in the field of prevention of customs offenses are the following: -Lack of timely exchange of information in the field of foreign trade activities; For example, the lack of important relevant information sometimes leads to the situations when a customs officer has difficulty in carrying out customs control, taking a decision about allowing or forbidding the release of goods under a certain procedure. ... Because of that sometimes certain difficulties in the tracking of all the...

• Word Count: 1015
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

Since its development, the differential association theory has played an integral role in stimulating theoretical revisions and refinements; it has been applied in policies and programs and facilitated research[Mar10]. ... Other scholars such as [Kor78] have strongly rejected the differential association theory principles that agree with social control. ...

• Word Count: 1662
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

(BBC, 2010) Subsequently, it outlined key recommendations of new practices and policies to be implemented within the criminal justice system, which now allow rape victims to be treated much more respectfully than in the past. ... This perspective therefore supports the positivist notion, that like criminality, the cause of victimisation could be beyond victims' control, due to psychological and sociological factors which they as individuals possess. ...

• Word Count: 1596
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate