(Max De Pree, 1997) Schools today are being rewoven. ... Unfortunately, schools are also facing a severe shortage of teachers, particularly in middle and secondary schools as well as areas such as special education. ... There is some concern that these alternative programs do not place sufficient emphasis on professional knowledge but sometimes rely almost exclusively on internships and subject matter knowledge (Hawley, 1990; Zumwalt, 1991). ... One result of the teacher shortage is now an over-dependence on emergency preparation and/or alternative preparation procedures to staff classrooms....

• Word Count: 2816
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The act required American schools to enforce mandatory expulsions for any student found in the possession of a firearm on school property. ... The failure on behalf of these policies to create safer schools calls for reform and the implementation of evidence-based alternatives to school discipline. ... In reviewing the existing body of literature, I will underline the detrimental impact that zero tolerance policies have had on U.S. public schools and outline alternatives to school discipline that are more supportive of educational achievement and conducive to the needs of adolescents during t...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Ziai more or less defines this movement as placing an emphasis on alternatives to development via grassroots, local and regional movements. ... What he takes particular offense to is the notion of "alternatives to development," precisely because no post-development theorist provides concrete alternatives. ... Hence treating all the different strains of post-development as a whole coherent school of thought leads to these criticisms. ... Among these false perceptions include the view that the people of Lesotho have not had modern conveniences of schools, hospitals and roads even afte...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate

Michael Mandel, associate professor at Osgoode Hall Law School, maintains that there has been an unfortunate transfer of power from representative legislature to an elite legal profession that creates a class bias. ...

• Word Count: 3226
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

For fans and enthusiasts, popular music can be a leisure-time pursuit occurring on evenings or weekends; alternatively, it can constitute a lifestyle, or way of life (e.g., Deadheads-a group of fans of the American band Grateful Dead who saw the band at as many gigs and festivals as possible from the 1970s onward). ... Theodor Adorno, a critical theorist and leading member of the Frankfurt school in Germany, coined the term culture industry in his critique of mass culture that made specific reference to popular music. ...

• Word Count: 2711
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Communism, at its most idealistic base, is a contingent of gown up responsible people that have free access to information and can therefore self govern, except for the transitional period required for the establishment of the required infrastructure. In this light, it would seem that communist countries would be on the forefront of environmental progress, for they are on a path to establishing a constant of civilization, in which an ecosystem integrating human activity would of the most primary necessity. This paper will first establish the relationship between communism and environmentalism...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate