Jon Rice's The World of the Illinois Panthers and Johanna Fernandez's Between Social Service Reform and Revolutionary Politics: The Young Lords, Late Sixties Radicalism, and Community Organizing in New York City discuss the mobilization of grassroots to find solutions to the ills that plagued the black community. The Illinois Black Panther Party worked toward dealing with issues that negatively affected Chicago's West Side ghetto, "The Illinois Black Panther Party was an expression of the spirit of grassroots empowerment that had rid the South of de facto segregation." ... Dur...

• Word Count: 1231
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the early 1900s, particularly in the 1920s, African-American literature, art, music, dance, and social commentary began to flourish in Harlem, a section of New York City. ... The movement centered in the vast black ghetto of Harlem, in New York City, where aspiring black artists, writers, and musicians gathered, sharing their experiences and provided encouragement to each other. ... The Great Depression caused the Harlem group of writers and entertainers to scatter; many were forced to leave New York or to take other jobs to tide them over the hard times....

• Word Count: 824
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate