This includes public lands and rivers; mineral resources; solid waste management; historic preservation; and water pollution, among other areas. ... It put the water supply of over a million people at risk. ... The Clean Water Act of 1972 (CWA) was designed to help enforce preservation of water quality. It is the principal federal statute protecting navigable waters and adjoining shorelines from pollution, and has formed the foundation for regulations detailing specific requirements for pollution prevention and response measures. ... In 1973, EPA issued the Oil Pollution Prevention regulati...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

We know that the burning of fossil causes many pollution problems such as: the release of CO2, NOx and SO2. ... Fracking is the process of fracturing rock using high pressure water, sand and deadly chemicals. The efficiency standard would not be a probable pollution standard since cost to communities surrounding fracking operations is higher than its benefits. ... Since 2005, the EPA has had no authority to prosecute the possible pollution of hydraulic fracturing operations under the Safe Drinking Water Act; these companies currently enjoy the Haiburton Loophole named after the first company l...

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In this content (TransCanada's Energy East Pipeline: What you need to know) the main concern is water, the reason being if ever there would be an environmental spill. ... It would put clean drinking water at risk. The pipeline would cross many significant waterways that supply water to millions of people. ... Another reason for effects on climate change, the pipeline would contribute 30 to 32 million tones of climate pollution every year. In this content (MacNeil, 2015) Tar sands crude also produce more pollution than oil. ...

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For the most part, the fuel cell's only emission is water vapor, giving it potential as the cleanest hybrid power unit alternative. ... Battery-powered vehicles give off virtually no pollution and offer one of the best options for reducing motor vehicle emissions in polluted cities. ... But these plants are often in rural areas where the emissions do not drive pollution levels above health standards. ...

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As a result of the equipment and methods used to extract the oil, high levels of pollution are released into the atmosphere, disturbing nearby ecosystems. ... The extraction of oil from the sea floor releases many harmful materials and particles into the water. One such substance is drill mud, which consists of mainly clay, water or mineral oil and chemical additives. ... It has been estimated that "A single offshore rig emits the same quantity of air pollution as 7000 cars driving 50 miles per day." ... Many times, bi-products of the drilling are released into the water. ...

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This process can take over a million gallons of water per well. During the process, some of the water is contaminated and must be disposed of. If shale gas wells fade faster than expected, hydrofracking will have to occur more often, which will contaminate even more water (Urbina). A study conducted by Duke University revealed that fracking polluted drinking water with methane gas, which is not necessarily harmful in drinking water but can explode at high concentrations (The Wall Street Journal). Many legitimate concerns regarding fracking have surfaced including, release of toxic or radi...

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The heat from burning wood can be used for a number of processes from heating water to smelting ore. ... The very nature of biomass energy requires that it be burned and even if the organic material is low-carbon, it will still emit some pollution and carbon emissions. ... Magnesium can also be mixed with water which also produces heat and can be used to boil water, produce steam, and drive a turbine to generate electricity. The by-products of this process are water and magnesium oxide, which itself can be recycle back into magnesium by the use of a solar laser. ... Supporters of the magnesium...

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Ethanol is low in reactivity and high in oxygen content, making it an effective tool in reducing the levels of ozone pollution. ... The contamination of drinking water is less of an issue for ethanol because it is less toxic to humans than other alternative fuels in equal concentrations. ... A critical limitation of ethanol as an alternative fuel is its role as a detergent, which has the ability to absorb water. Accumulated sediment and water sludge in storage tanks, pipelines and in the fuel tanks of vehicles could clog filters and create other operational problems5. ... Countries that have a...

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However, the technology or knowledge is not yet known to be majorly efficient, so current uses that help save some money and energy are that it can "be used to charge storage batteries aboard boats, to operate lighthouses, used in remote areas for pumping water either for cattle or irrigation, and to supply power for emergency telephones on highways. "(Bortman) All of which, do not cause air pollution, appealing to the people who strongly believe in global warming. ...

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