What is Socrates' conception of the relationship between the individual and the State or Laws, as shown in the Crito? ... This brings us to the second aspect of Socrates' conception of the relationship - Athens cannot continue to function without laws, and if Socrates were to disobey the orders of these laws, then he, as a citizen, is therefore implementing the destruction of the laws themselves. ... Socrates sees the Laws and the State as parental figures to the citizens of Athens. ... In this case, Socrates saw great logic and rationalised that indeed it would be unjust for Socrat...

• Word Count: 1337
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Abstract Hiring and retaining more women provides numerous important advantages to law enforcement agencies. ... The Kitchen Is Closed The Hiring and Retention of Women in Law Enforcement "A man's got to do what a man's got to do. ... Only 12.7% of all sworn law enforcement positions in large agencies were held by women in 2001. ... There is a crisis in law enforcement today. ... Executives are being demanded to transform the very nature of the relationship between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. ...

• Word Count: 2761
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For this reason, Emerson and Thoreau argue that solitude and society are the most focused topic in their works because of Solitude's ability to give you more freedom instead of living under the rights of unjust laws and Society exploiting you to opportunities with education and grammar. Thoreau argues that living in solitude gives you more freedom instead of living under rights of unjust laws. ... So why live according to laws set by the government. Thoreau says, "Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have suc...

• Word Count: 704
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Reforming America's criminal justice system is a top priority, in order to end racism, and to clear up the population's tarnished image of law enforcement. ... Obviously, the most obscene accounts of racism are observed in the media, and they are depicting law enforcement taking harsher actions against minorities, as opposed to other races. ... Racism in law enforcement has become such a common deed, as we date it back to 1991 with the Rodney King beating in Los Angeles, California. We won't go into detail about it, as it is just an example, for how long law enforcement has acte...

• Word Count: 730
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1903, Joseph Lochner, the owner of a bakery, was accused of violating this law and then he appealed to the Supreme Court. Finally, the Supreme Court invalidated the law because it was unconstitutional. ... The issue in the Muller case is more about gender, not the workers, which makes the Muller verdict unjust. ... The law deprived women of their natural rights that everyone has unalienable rights of Life, Liberty and Property. ... Preventing women from participating in the political stage causes the process of making the decision in the Muller case unjust and unfair. ...

• Word Count: 1415
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Socrates believes that any person who would disobey these laws creates a deliberate attempt to weaken the laws, as well as the society that imposed them. ... In his essay "Civil Disobedience", Henry David Thoreau writes, "Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?" ... The purpose of civil disobedience, in other words, is to call attention to an unjust law, and crusade until it could be amended. ... Furthermore, people who participate in acts of civil disobedience who are ...

• Word Count: 1527
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thoreau encourages disobeying unjust laws in order to change them. ... Acting as an individual by disobeying unjust laws is what will change the laws. When the individual follows its conscious, or what Emerson would call "individual genius," the universal truth would be apparent that unjust laws should not be followed. Thoreau refuses to let the system of government define the individual and supports individual genius through individual action and protest against unjust laws. ...

• Word Count: 861
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so," founding father Thomas Jefferson expressed. ... "One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws," nobel peace prize winner, civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. proclaimed. ... Citizens of good moral sense should vigorously oppose unjust government arrangements through peaceful resistance. ... An unreasonable law is not a law, in the full feeling of the word. ... Lawful positivism and the natural law theory of positive law are opponent perspectives about what is law and wha...

• Word Count: 3194
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Racial profiling is a form of discrimination by which law enforcement uses a person's race or cultural background as the primary reason to suspect that the individual has broken the law. ... While these groups of individuals may feel they are being subjected to racism, law enforcement stand to believe it is a simple act of private security. ... Law enforcement agencies have gone through time consuming and expensive litigation over civil rights concerns. ... The policies and practices that are used in racial profiling (such as those on immigrants) have caused destruction on individuals,...

• Word Count: 1975
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Carried by the motto "that government is best which governs least,"[Thoreau] Henry David Thoreau, defines "Civil Disobedience" as "a pacific act of willful resistance, achieved by not obeying laws he considers to be unmoral and unjust [Thoreau].... In this cases, when power is unbalanced, and the society is unstable "civil disobedience" is one of the few strategies left for citizens that brings immediate attention to any unjust or unmoral law. ... To achieve such an arrangement of life, government, with its unjust, arbitrary, repressive measures, must be done away wi...

• Word Count: 1587
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Due to the growing number of cases in which police officers have been accused of taking the law into their own hands, more pressure is being placed on other law enforcement agencies as well as the Department of Justice for action and answers to both the victims' and their families, as well as any disciplinary actions against law enforcement. ... Institutionalized discrimination refers to the unjust and discriminatory treatment of an individual or a group of individuals by which social group or organization to which they belong. ... However, as segregation was eliminated many years ago, th...

• Word Count: 1477
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I believe that some government is needed to legislate laws protection wildlife and laws for the prevention of homicides, but who has the duty to say how right things such as gay marriages, drug use, the age at which one can drink and purchase alcohol is? ... "It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right"(CD 36). ... Thoreau's "Declaration of the Independence for the Conscious," reflects his belief in using nonviolent but complete resistance to an unjust government, influenced many people and inspires many more. One should never recognize any political i...

• Word Count: 399
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Supreme Court has ruled that where state law permits, union as well as nonunion employees have the right to sue over their discipline and dismissals. ... In practice, union representatives spend a considerable amount of resources and attention processing employee claims of unjust of unreasonable disciplinary actions (Tracey 664). ... For example, federal laws limit an employer's right to terminate or discipline at-will employees for reasons such as age, sex, race, religion, union activity, or disability (Ivancevich 476). However, employment-at-will is primarily a matter of state l...

• Word Count: 589
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself a law is unjust if it is inflicted on a minority that, as a result of being denied the right to vote, had no part in enacting or devising the law," (King, p 1307). A law becomes injustice when a specific group of people were denied voting rights. ... King used logo, a logical appeal, to clarify the, "unjust law codes," that people of color were forced to abide by. ... "Unjust law" indicates the outrageous regulations that many Afri...

• Word Count: 910
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Book VI: how democracies and oligarchies are to be established ". . . we will perhaps grasp better . . . how each political system should be organized so as to be best; and what habits and laws it should follow." ... Third argument: (1) Nature does nothing pointlessly. (2) A human being is the only animal with rational discourse, logon. (3) Rational discourse is for making clear what is expedient or harmful, and hence what is just or unjust. (4) It is community in good and evil, and just and unjust, that produces a household and a city. (5) Therefore, a human being is by nature a political a...

• Word Count: 1587
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The first amendment states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech... Putting lives in jeopardy is indeed a serious matter and for public interest, is unjust. ... Generally, it was unjust to publish "The Pentagon Papers", and it was certainly correct to attempt and punish the publisher of these confidential articles, Daniel Ellsberg....

• Word Count: 279
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Both authors also argue that everyone has an obligation to act based solely on his/her own will, without regard to societal rules and laws, even going so far as to act in opposition to those laws that are felt to be unjust. Emerson claims that "No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. ... Rosa Parks was arrested and jailed for violating race laws, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, Jesus Christ was nailed to a cross and left to die. While Thoreau does offer the caveat that you should oppose only those laws that are deemed by you to be unjust, that judgement could not be consiste...

• Word Count: 1633
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These are rights specified by law. ... Tyrannical or totalitarian governments use their powers unjustly, and their laws are not equally enforced. ... The basis of equal justice is law. All citizens, from the president down to the homeless, are subject to the laws. ... While authoritarian government man is not born equal, people are not educated, they use their power unjustly, their laws are not equally enforced, and freedom is limited to very little. ...

• Word Count: 964
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Such concerns include exactly who should have access to these databases, unjust targeting of criminal relatives to obtain information, and innocent names on the same list as convicted criminals. ... Currently there is no similar federal law on DNA databases regarding time limits in the United States. ... Illinois state law "requires all convicted sex offenders to submit a blood sample if they are sentenced to incarceration or other institutionalized care and to provide such sample as a condition of parole or release" and the samples are kept in a database that "may not be subje...

• Word Count: 546
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The underlying theme that inextricably bonds the three together is past and present law. ... Therefore the question must be asked, "Has the behaviour trait of criminality been unfairly and unjustly thrust onto Indigenous Australians since colonialism due to the racist and blatant disregard of them as a culture and race?... There was a distinct dispute between the British law that assumed superiority and Indigenous Australian customary law. ... An example of this was the 2006 Law Reform Commission report from Western Australia which produced a lengthy paper detailing the opportunities for ...

• Word Count: 2489
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As a pre-law major, I am always interested in writing essays that are involved in law or any legal issues. This semester, I am taking a class about the Constitutional Law and Civil Rights. ... Many people are not familiar how Constitutions are interpreted to justify our current laws. ... Based on this definition, many people argue that capital punishment violates the Eighth amendment, because its character consists cruel and unusual in practice and law. ... Kemp, some justice think that capital punishment is unjust because its unfair in race and geography. ...

• Word Count: 1056
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This comes from the theory of the universal law, which says that an action is only moral if the reason for performing it could be a reason everyone could have (ICE). ... Kant says that an act is considered moral if it's done for the sake of duty and if it can be a universal law. ... Under this system, eventually the majority will produce enough unhappiness because of the many acts where people would feel unjust, that the sole purpose of utilitarianism will contradict itself. ... For example, Kant believes that there are no exceptions for moral laws. ... Kant says that a good act without...

• Word Count: 911
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Texas, in this case the Hopwood plaintiffs filed suit but the U.S. office of Civil Rights had not determined if the state sufficiently desegregated and complied with federal civil rights laws. ... It is not required to compensate for unjust institutions of the distant past, 2. ... In support of the first injustice Christopher Morris argues that affirmative action is not required by the existence of unjust institutions in the distant past, such as slavery, because compensation is dude only to those who suffered the injustice. ...

• Word Count: 529
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Under English common law there is a presumption of innocence with the onus on the prosecution to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, only on the basis of admissible evidence. ... The underlying principle of the English system of law is equality for all. This is essential to protect the innocent from unjust convictions. ... (Law Reform Commission of Victoria 1991, p119, cited in Stuart 1992, p97). ... Significant gains reforming sexual assault laws have resulted in the issue of consent having a vastly different definition in today's legal system. ...

• Word Count: 2453
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In response to unjust treatment, prison inmates have retaliated through starvation. ... Second, I have the United Nations interaction - Ever since the rise of controversy in 2003, a year after Guantanamo's establishment, our previous UN Commissioner of Human Rights, Navi Pillay, stated that the United States part in the situation of Guantanamo Bay is a "clear breach of international law.... These amendments were aimed towards the Geneva Conventions, a set of international laws comprised of four treaties. ... This innocent man can protest, only to face the same unjust treatment that i...

• Word Count: 743
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate