For example, Toni Morrison, in her critical text Playing in the Dark, has argued that everything that constitutes whiteness as a racial identity--from the national literature of the United States to its Constitution to the daily practices of its citizens--is a response to the absent/objectified presence of the black Other or, in her words, "to a dark, abiding, signing Africanist presence" (5). ... And it shows. (6) Thus, racial opposition--though misrecognized by whites--has allowed for the creation of a self-narrative of the (so-called) white race in the United States. ... In other words,...

• Word Count: 301
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Southerners began to defend their belief through the Constitution itself. They had taken the constitution and found ways to manipulate it to defend Slavery. ... They would point out that there was no actual amendment made to the constitution discussing slavery and most of all no amendment made towards the government even frowning upon slavery. ... This was a tradition of the United States and anyone trying to break that traditionalism would them themselves be contributing the secession of the Union. ... However, no matter the number of justifications, the South had their definition ...

• Word Count: 708
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Dutch used apartheid in South Africa, while segregation was utilized in the United States. ... In the United States, Jim Crow laws banned black citizens from obtaining jobs and access to public places such as restaurants and hotels. ... Police brutality used against the marchers dramatized the harsh treatment of blacks in the United States. ... Clearly the democratic governments in the United States and South Africa were only democratic to the white inhabitants. ... The Civil Rights movements in South Africa and the United States are almost identical. ...

• Word Count: 1517
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The African Americans gained their emancipation and new rights through the battling Northern and Southern factions of the United States, not because a majority of the country felt that slavery possessed a "moral urgency". ... Although the 13th Amendment stated that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude... shall exist within the United States," a new agricultural system, the crop lien, kept the blacks under the control of their (former) "masters". ... The amount of racism thriving in the Southern states made any chances of the State support of Black rights virtually nil. ... (Woodward, ...

• Word Count: 1530
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Constitution states "No state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws." ... People throughout the world scream to be treated as the constitution states, "To be treated as equals." ... He states that minorities say they need this to be seen as an equal in an interview for a job. ... In the "Politics of Preference: Democratic Institutions and affirmative action in the United States and India" by Sunita Parikh and "Affirmative Action: The Pros and Cons of Policy Practice" by Richard F. ...

• Word Count: 2152
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The early twentieth century was an era of business expansion and progressive reform in the United States. ... Each group of reformers challenged the words of our founding fathers as stated in the Constitution, " in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, promote the general welfare to ourselves and our posterity ," progressives were searching for a perfect union for every individual to be satisfied with. ... Industry in the United States had grown swiftly in the late 1800's. ... Some states also set minimum wages, which allowed the incomes o...

• Word Count: 1668
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

African Americans have been fighting for their rights for decades. The African American civil rights movement changed everything. This social movement looked to outlaw discrimination towards black Americans and obtain their right to vote. The movement did not turn to violence to get what they wanted...

• Word Count: 3545
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When conducting research in American history, people will realize the amount substantial evidence demonstrating the mistreatment of black people in the United States. ... Baldwin states that his reason for traveling to this village is because he felt alienated by the racial climate in America. ... Baldwin states that the difference between the two places lies in the intentions behind the behavior of whites in both places. ... He states that black men over the years have regained their identity, and are still determined to regain their dignity from white men. ... He states that there is an evol...

• Word Count: 1313
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Focusing primarily on a Miami region but definitely not limited to within this document, the Civil Rights of African Americans has been a painfully long and hardly enduring struggle in the United States history. ... When Reconstruction ended, many of the advances were lost as segregation took its route throughout the United States. ... Since the city's birth, Miami had been strongly opposed to hiring blacks as police officers, as was generally true throughout the southern states. ... On May 17, 1954, the Court declared unanimously that the segregation of public-school students solely on ...

• Word Count: 1986
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Slavery and the American Experience More than any other history of race relations in America, the struggle between white and black Americans is by the far the most complex and long standing. Beginning with first contact between white Europeans and Africans during the English colonial period, Af...

• Word Count: 1938
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Declaration of Independence states, "All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights". ... Since the very beginning of the legal system in the United States, there has been inequality. ... Inequality has always existed in the United States legal system and continues to exist today; even though inequality presently in the system is not as blatant as what it once was, the system has come to depend on inequality. ...

• Word Count: 3114
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Through the analysis of various text, it can be discerned that the actions of the United States heavily influenced not only the decisions of the South African government but also the actions of disenfranchised peoples, blacks and coloured alike, living in South Africa who could now emulate the social movement of civil rights in America. ... Faced with the emergence and reemergence of internal conflict, state elites in South Africa and the United States found the crutch of exclusion was too large if a benefit to ignore. In both South Africa and the United States, the racial exclusion of blacks ...

• Word Count: 3701
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Langston Hughes boldly states that "African Americans' lives became significantly better because their lives were changed socially and politically, giving them more opportunities.... The Emancipation Proclamation was the first political movement to equality; in 1863 it proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten rebelling states. ... Additionally, I believe that Lincoln himself did not desire to emancipate the slaves in the "de facto" sense as he believed it would lose the support of the slave-owning Border States. ... After the Emancipation Proclamation, the Age of Recons...

• Word Count: 3529
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A "Secret Constitution" was circulated through Jackson County in July of 1833 that accused the Saints of "tampering with our slaves, and endeavoring to sow dissentions and raise seditions amongst them"5. ... As the separation of the slave and non-slave states approached, the Mormon Church came under increasing fire for the practice of polygamy. ...

• Word Count: 3075
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Martin Luther King and George Wallace had extremely opposing views of the civil rights movement and the deterioration of segregation. Martin Luther King seemed to take a naturalist view, hungry to incorporate morality into the aims of law in America, while George Wallace stood strong under the posit...

• Word Count: 2706
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate