The massive Roman army, with about 200,000 soldiers, eventually disintegrated into an unorganized force. ... One of the main factors that led to the army's decline was the lack of soldiers with a Roman background. ... That was what many free men thought and that led to the Roman reliance upon mercenaries. ... There is absolutely no doubt that if the Roman Empire did not have the economic crises it had or if the Roman army were at full strength that the barbarians would have been defeated with relative ease. ... In conclusion, Rome was not entirely brought down by the barbarians, howev...

• Word Count: 990
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Wallace-Hadrill's article addresses the social patterns that shaped the structure and decoration of the Roman house in the late republic and early Roman Empire. ... Initially, Wallace-Hadrill describes, in the public and grand axis, that while house size was a clear indication of status, architecture and decoration played an equally integral role in denoting wealth and dignitas. ... Through the exploration of guest and servant movement through the house, Wallice-Hadrill is able to trace an evolution during Roman history in the use of space and in how that was articulated. ... Focusing ...

• Word Count: 1166
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Followers practicing religious traditions follow in accordance with the scriptures to be practicing in the right path or if they follow a path that is outside of what is written of the word to be, then they are on the wrong path[ CITATION Fie13 l 1033 ].Christianity originated in Roman occupied Jerusalem; however, was not all compiled of Jewish beliefs, but did practice traditional philosophies that are distinct from the Classical Greek, which was known to be more dominant during the Roman Empire time. ... "Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism"[ CITATION Fie13 l 10...

• Word Count: 877
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Julius Caesar" is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1599. Despite the title of the play is "Julius Caesar," the story revolves around the people surrounding Caesar before and after Caesar's death. ... Firstly, Brutus begins his speech courageously with "Romans, countrymen, and lovers! ... Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman?... Unlike Brutus, Antony starts his speech as "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!...

• Word Count: 903
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

How did ancient notions of 'political manipulation' play out in Antonio's political machinations against the other two members of the second triumvirate? ... Classical literature can give an insight into the political power plays that characterize Antony's political as well as military ambitions. ... Additionally, one of the key factors that propelled Antony in politics was Roman mos maiorum. ... After the history, the paper will focus on Antony's political agenda and the role he played in the Roman public during the period of the existence of the second triumvirate,...

• Word Count: 941
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ancient Greece was divided into over 100 city-states called poleis and religion played an integral part in each polis. ... During the unification of the Italian peninsula, the Romans successfully conquered the Etruscans and the surrounding peoples. As soon as Rome conquered these areas they granted the people Roman citizenship and this greatly helped expand the Roman military. ... Lastly, Rome successfully took over all of the Hellenistic cities, which enormously expanded Roman territory. ... Religion in the Roman republic can be characterized as a synthesis of three sources of beliefs: In...

• Word Count: 481
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When the Roman empire experienced political turmoil in the 3rd and 4th century, church leaders attempted to unify Christians by creating a standardized teaching. ... The rise of the Roman Orthodox Church was a result of Christianity's political popularity. ... With the formation of the Roman Orthodox Church, women were placed in subordinated positions and those who attempted to play prominent roles were deemed heretical as claimed, "Worst of all, from Irenaeus' viewpoint, Marcus invited women to act as priests in celebrating the eucharist with him (University Readers 85).... &qu...

• Word Count: 864
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One can see how artists of the time often drew from Byzantine, Greek and Roman influence in a variety of mediums, whether it be sculpture, painting, or calligraphy. ... Although all of these new elements were introduced, one can still see how Byzantine influence plays a role in this fresco with the rocky setting resembling that of a Byzantine mural. ... Sculpture during the Proto Renaissance period took a turn toward being influenced primarily by Roman sculpture. Frederick II, King of Sicily from 1197-1250, had an admiration for classical art, and therefore hindered a revival of Roman sculp...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Contributions of the Byzantine Empire Everybody has heard of the great Roman Empire, but many possess no knowledge of the Byzantine Empire that rose during the fall of the Roman Empire. The Byzantines lasted even longer than the Roman Empire. ... The Corpus iuris was an attempt to systematize Roman law, to reduce it to order after over 1,000 years of development. ... Jurists and scholars trained in this Roman law played a leading role in the creation of national legal systems throughout Europe, and the Corpus iuris civilis became the ultimate model and inspiration for the legal system of v...

• Word Count: 479
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He explains through the Aeneid that the underlying purpose for the Trojan War and the life of Aeneas has finally been fulfilled with the reign of Augustus in which the emperor managed to reunite the Roman Empire and bring peace to Italy after a period of constant civil war. ... Anchises shows Aeneas the glorious future of Rome and its leaders all the way up to the reign of Augustus who is fated to bring about the height of the Roman Empire. ... In attempting to pose as a women Mnesilochus invents various lies that he feels the women should relate to, such as the way married women get "a ...

• Word Count: 707
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was a time when the philosophies of the ancient Greek and Romans were rediscovered, which took place after the Middle Ages. Many of the philosophies of the Middle Ages were no longer accepted, and the Renaissance brought about a revamped way of thinking and learning, based on the Greek and Roman culture. ... After Giotto there was a architect that came along in the early 1500's that rediscovered the classical Greco-Roman style and the rediscovery of artificial perspective, which allows a painter to paint something three-dimensional on a two-dimensional plane (Walker 78). ... Just like ...

• Word Count: 836
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many would disagree claiming that life is a gift from God and that humans have no right to make the decisions on suffering and human life that embryo research permits us to make - it almost allows us to play God and only God should have that right and responsibility. ... For those, including Roman Catholics, who believe that life begins at conception, experimenting on embryos goes against the teachings about the sanctity of life. Roman Catholics feel that the demands of science should not take priority over individuals or potential individuals, especially when they are defenceless. Roman Cat...

• Word Count: 870
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Church played a vital role in the kingdom of Charlemagne. ... It was necessary for the Church to play a role in this education of the people, because only the clergy were educated. ... The creation of the "Papal States" indebted the Pope to Charlemagne, and Pope Leo III eventually crowned Charlemagne "Emperor of the Romans" on Christmas day in 800 AD. ... The education system used by Charlemagne's scholars was suprisingly like that of Classic Greek and Roman scholars. ... The people of Charlemagne's time were merely adapting Germanic habits and tradition with the rediscovery of...

• Word Count: 1103
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With this concept, artists and sculptors started to revive the Greco-Roman influences and reflect it on the male nude figure with Renaissance quality. ... From the 14th century to the middle of the 15th century, artists were progressing away from medieval models towards to Greco-Roman proportion concepts. ... He played a significant part in shaping this period by delivering an insight into the visual thought process and extending it sculpture. ... In Italy, the Greek and Roman antiquity statuary influenced the Renaissance age. ...

• Word Count: 1087
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Background/Causes: Protestantism had provided to be the largest threat towards Catholicism for some time, and played a large role in the outbreak of the Thirty Years War. ... The Peace of Westphalia ensured freedom to the German states, and broke up the Holy Roman Empire. ...

• Word Count: 445
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In his chapter "The Final Paradox," Irving Ribner seems to believe that Shakespeare was addressing and returning to the theme of damnation, feeling that he has shown this in his earlier plays. Ribner continually refers to both Antony and Cleopatra's actions throughout the play as both sinful and evil for they were not acting, as he terms it: Morally. ... Ribner give the impression of being a heavily religious man, as he seems to be able to relate almost every "immoral" occurrence in the play back to the ultimate destruction of man and civilization. ... Damning his soul, I've had a ha...

• Word Count: 797
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, it can also be implied that long before the Moorish invasion in 711, Visigothic Spain (descendants of Germanic tribes that had settled in the Iberian Peninsula after the Roman defeat and withdrawal) had its own style of music, with a heavy influence from Byzantium (later Istanbul, Turkey). ... The music of flamenco usually consists of guitar playing (toque), hand-clapping (palmas) and snapping (pitos), and often is combined with traditional dancing (baile). ...

• Word Count: 551
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Paul played a significant role in the foundation and growth of Christianity. ... Paul states, "For I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one who believeth" (Romans 1:16), proving Luther adopted his ideas from Paul's theology. ...

• Word Count: 670
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This was a revival of the ancient Roman forms, such as the column and round arch, the tunnel vault, and the great domes. ... These tales formed the basis of many European literary works, such as Shakespeare's play, Romeo and Juliet. ...

• Word Count: 590
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Florence Cathedral Baptistery played a huge role in the artistic contributions to the Italian Renaissance. ... The Italian Renaissance now had another "invention" of great importance that would inspire more mathematical illusions, even though perspective had been around since the ancient Greeks and Romans. ...

• Word Count: 495
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He was a political poet -Anglican at this time- and he was also made Poet Laureate and Historiographer since 1670, but he also had an official position, his reason and interests were all on the side of legitimism and settled government, so that the Whig agitation to exclude from succession to the throne Charles II's heir and brother James on the grounds that he was Roman Catholic and to encourage Charles's illegitimate son the duke of Monmouth to assert his claims found Dryden on the Tory side, supporting legality and the true succession. ... He agrees that plots are "necessary thin...

• Word Count: 1107
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Journalism raised its head for the first time and the periodical essay actually played a constructive role by improving the reading habits of the masses and by educating them in issues like morality, religion, culture, history and mannerisms. ... The Glorious Revolution, the Conformity Bill, the replacement of the Stuart dynasty, the persecution of the Roman Catholics, the scandals and corruption of the Walpole government and the struggle between the Whigs and the Tories all had an impact on the literature of that time. ... The subjects of the novels were not Greek or Roman gods, nor knigh...

• Word Count: 1006
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Historical events and individuals play a significant role in how the future is shaped. ... The Greek methods of practicing medicine was slowly integrated into the Roman's medical methodologies (pg. 152). ... For example, bringing together the practices of Greek and Roman medicine has paved the way medicine is practiced presently. ...

• Word Count: 1193
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Mishnah, a book of legal rules compiled by Jewish sages in the second century Roman Palestine, depicts a society in which the adult Israelite male is the central character. ... The sexuality factor plays a big role because whenever some man has a propriety interest in the sexual and reproductive function of a specified woman, the Mishnah treats woman as the man's property in all matters that affect his ownership of her sexuality while in all other contexts, the dependent woman is treated as a person. As chattel, she plays little or no part in the official procedures of her acquisition...

• Word Count: 937
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

His stage play Deathtrap holds the record asthe fourth longest running thriller in Broadway history.Levin's first novel was A Kiss Before Dying, published in1953. ... The novel sold more than fivemillion copies and was the basis for a critically-acclaimedfilm by Roman Polanski, starring Mia Farrow. ...

• Word Count: 870
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate