Ancient Roman Civilization Ancient Rome was a seaboard of civilization. ... As was the case with other civilizations, religion played an important role in the Greek society and was intricately connected to every aspect of daily life; both social and political (Sansone 7). ... The spirit of unity was strongly evident in the Roman civilizations than among the Greeks. ... The Roman power in multiple ways differed from that of Hellenistic world. ... Overall, the Greek's culture was more sophisticated than that of Romans. ...

• Word Count: 1491
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The massive Roman army, with about 200,000 soldiers, eventually disintegrated into an unorganized force. ... One of the main factors that led to the army's decline was the lack of soldiers with a Roman background. ... That was what many free men thought and that led to the Roman reliance upon mercenaries. ... There is absolutely no doubt that if the Roman Empire did not have the economic crises it had or if the Roman army were at full strength that the barbarians would have been defeated with relative ease. ... In conclusion, Rome was not entirely brought down by the barbarians, howev...

• Word Count: 990
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Wallace-Hadrill's article addresses the social patterns that shaped the structure and decoration of the Roman house in the late republic and early Roman Empire. ... Initially, Wallace-Hadrill describes, in the public and grand axis, that while house size was a clear indication of status, architecture and decoration played an equally integral role in denoting wealth and dignitas. ... Through the exploration of guest and servant movement through the house, Wallice-Hadrill is able to trace an evolution during Roman history in the use of space and in how that was articulated. ... Focusing ...

• Word Count: 1166
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the first and second centuries, the women of the imperial family of the Roman Empire had a difficult role to play. ... Several examples of the roles women played in the coinage can be seen in an Aureus of Nero from 54, a Sestertius of Trajan from 112, a Sestertius of Antoninus Pius from 160, and an As of Septimius Severus from 202. ... It is an example of a fairly standard practice in the Roman empire in which the new emperor shows respect for the previous emperor. ... He wanted to reassure the roman people that his son was happily married, present his new daughter-in-law, and sugge...

• Word Count: 1793
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Besides the games, as it is known, Romans also loved to go to the famous Roman Baths. ... Here, the Romans got very excited to see how men struggled for their lives. ... As it can be seen, Romans not only got free entertainment but also free bread. In this manner, the plays, the fake ceremonies, the gladiators, the fake laughs, the false happiness, the well built naked athletes, were all the powerful instruments that rulers used in order to enslave their kindred citizens. ... Analysis The Roman leaders had the obligation to secure the loyalty of their people. ...

• Word Count: 1684
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Followers practicing religious traditions follow in accordance with the scriptures to be practicing in the right path or if they follow a path that is outside of what is written of the word to be, then they are on the wrong path[ CITATION Fie13 l 1033 ].Christianity originated in Roman occupied Jerusalem; however, was not all compiled of Jewish beliefs, but did practice traditional philosophies that are distinct from the Classical Greek, which was known to be more dominant during the Roman Empire time. ... "Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism"[ CITATION Fie13 l 10...

• Word Count: 877
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Protestants were already calling to reform the Roman Church and Reformers such as German Martin Luther, Frenchman Jean Calvin, and King Henry VIII, played significant roles in contributing to reforming the Catholic Church. ... It contained a series of grievances opposing the Holy Roman Catholic Empire's way of catholic life, in which Luther was determined to reform. He attacked several more aspects of established Roman Catholicism including indulgences: which Luther condemned the Roman Church for there was no "authority in the Bible to sell indulgences" . ... He underwent a religious conv...

• Word Count: 1293
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Julius Caesar" is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1599. Despite the title of the play is "Julius Caesar," the story revolves around the people surrounding Caesar before and after Caesar's death. ... Firstly, Brutus begins his speech courageously with "Romans, countrymen, and lovers! ... Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman?... Unlike Brutus, Antony starts his speech as "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!...

• Word Count: 903
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In fact, most of the antisexual and antihumanism attitudes blamed on Christianity originated in Greek Platonism and Roman Stoicism. ... Galileo was not only a putative adherent of the Roman Christian church, but he resided in its backyard. ... Contrary to the images of Roman orgies popularized by Twentieth Century cartoons and other media, Roman laws forbade such conduct, and the Roman government harshly punished Dionysian conduct wherever it occurred. The Romans maintained a massive number of gods to define and regulate every aspect of life, and most Romans lived very reserved lives. ...

• Word Count: 2074
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

How did ancient notions of 'political manipulation' play out in Antonio's political machinations against the other two members of the second triumvirate? ... Classical literature can give an insight into the political power plays that characterize Antony's political as well as military ambitions. ... Additionally, one of the key factors that propelled Antony in politics was Roman mos maiorum. ... After the history, the paper will focus on Antony's political agenda and the role he played in the Roman public during the period of the existence of the second triumvirate,...

• Word Count: 941
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ancient Greece was divided into over 100 city-states called poleis and religion played an integral part in each polis. ... During the unification of the Italian peninsula, the Romans successfully conquered the Etruscans and the surrounding peoples. As soon as Rome conquered these areas they granted the people Roman citizenship and this greatly helped expand the Roman military. ... Lastly, Rome successfully took over all of the Hellenistic cities, which enormously expanded Roman territory. ... Religion in the Roman republic can be characterized as a synthesis of three sources of beliefs: In...

• Word Count: 481
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When the Roman empire experienced political turmoil in the 3rd and 4th century, church leaders attempted to unify Christians by creating a standardized teaching. ... The rise of the Roman Orthodox Church was a result of Christianity's political popularity. ... With the formation of the Roman Orthodox Church, women were placed in subordinated positions and those who attempted to play prominent roles were deemed heretical as claimed, "Worst of all, from Irenaeus' viewpoint, Marcus invited women to act as priests in celebrating the eucharist with him (University Readers 85).... &qu...

• Word Count: 864
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One can see how artists of the time often drew from Byzantine, Greek and Roman influence in a variety of mediums, whether it be sculpture, painting, or calligraphy. ... Although all of these new elements were introduced, one can still see how Byzantine influence plays a role in this fresco with the rocky setting resembling that of a Byzantine mural. ... Sculpture during the Proto Renaissance period took a turn toward being influenced primarily by Roman sculpture. Frederick II, King of Sicily from 1197-1250, had an admiration for classical art, and therefore hindered a revival of Roman sculp...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

., the beautiful Roman city of Pompeii had suffered a severe volcanic eruption. ... Surprisingly, Roman society did not seem to be affected by such a catastrophe, and Roman Empire did not fall until 400 years after Pompeii's destruction. ... He built The Arch of Titus to show Romans that Rome was favored by the gods. ... The political role Pompeii played in Rome and Roman distributed port system enabled them to greatly reduce their losses, when disaster was happened. ... Although the fertile volcanic soil of Vesuvius provided an ideal climate for grapes and olive to grow, import and expor...

• Word Count: 1843
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Contributions of the Byzantine Empire Everybody has heard of the great Roman Empire, but many possess no knowledge of the Byzantine Empire that rose during the fall of the Roman Empire. The Byzantines lasted even longer than the Roman Empire. ... The Corpus iuris was an attempt to systematize Roman law, to reduce it to order after over 1,000 years of development. ... Jurists and scholars trained in this Roman law played a leading role in the creation of national legal systems throughout Europe, and the Corpus iuris civilis became the ultimate model and inspiration for the legal system of v...

• Word Count: 479
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He explains through the Aeneid that the underlying purpose for the Trojan War and the life of Aeneas has finally been fulfilled with the reign of Augustus in which the emperor managed to reunite the Roman Empire and bring peace to Italy after a period of constant civil war. ... Anchises shows Aeneas the glorious future of Rome and its leaders all the way up to the reign of Augustus who is fated to bring about the height of the Roman Empire. ... In attempting to pose as a women Mnesilochus invents various lies that he feels the women should relate to, such as the way married women get "a ...

• Word Count: 707
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

While he went to Rome as a prisoner, he left as a man of respect and renown having befriended many powerful Romans, including the famous general, Scipio. He is most famous for his Histories, which chronicles the rise of the Roman Republic to its Empire days. ... The invasion of Saguntum in what is now called Spain by Carthage was a provocation to the Romans. Under agreement from the First Punic War, Saguntum was technically under Roman allied territory. ... However, Polybius also writes about Hamilcar's hatred for the Romans and implies it is a pretext for the invasion of Roman allied lan...

• Word Count: 2012
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Emperor Marcus Aurelius (played by Richard Harris) asks his commanding general Maximus (played by Russell Crowe) to succeed him and then to end the corruptness of the kingdom by returning power to the Senate of Rome for the good of the people. ... Maximus, however, escapes to Spain, where he is enslaved and trained by Proximo (played by Oliver Reed) to be a gladiator. ... Maximus is motivated by the desire to defend his family and the prosperous way of life that Roman imperialism provides. ... With a central character grounded by family, religion, and a pledge of loyalty to the dream of a Roma...

• Word Count: 1374
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Those parts of the Holy Roman Empire, for example, which applied the Imperial Code of Justice strictly, prosecuted far fewer witches than those that did not. The religious changes and tensions of the period obviously played a played a part. ... This was especially the case in western parts of the Holy Roman Empire. ... By the end of the sixteenth century the centre of witch hunting activity had moved to the Holy Roman Empire. ... Economics had played an extensive role in providing an explanation for the rise in trials, however that alone isn't conclusive and so ulterior explanations...

• Word Count: 1385
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Byzantine Empire, the Greek eastern section of the old Roman Empire, survived the disintegration of the Latin West by approximately a thousand years. ... Justinian I was determined to recover provinces of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost to invading barbaric tribes in the previous century, the Migration Period. ... This war was fought from 602 AD through 628 AD and was the final and most devastating of the series of wars fought between the Eastern Romans and the Sassanid's. ... The capture of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes played a major role in the undermining...

• Word Count: 1614
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was a time when the philosophies of the ancient Greek and Romans were rediscovered, which took place after the Middle Ages. Many of the philosophies of the Middle Ages were no longer accepted, and the Renaissance brought about a revamped way of thinking and learning, based on the Greek and Roman culture. ... After Giotto there was a architect that came along in the early 1500's that rediscovered the classical Greco-Roman style and the rediscovery of artificial perspective, which allows a painter to paint something three-dimensional on a two-dimensional plane (Walker 78). ... Just like ...

• Word Count: 836
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many would disagree claiming that life is a gift from God and that humans have no right to make the decisions on suffering and human life that embryo research permits us to make - it almost allows us to play God and only God should have that right and responsibility. ... For those, including Roman Catholics, who believe that life begins at conception, experimenting on embryos goes against the teachings about the sanctity of life. Roman Catholics feel that the demands of science should not take priority over individuals or potential individuals, especially when they are defenceless. Roman Cat...

• Word Count: 870
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Besides clothing, accessories also play a vital role in revealing the personalities of the characters in the novels. Dona Gloria and Bayardo San Roman are two individuals who accessorize themselves during a time of their life when they have self-assurance. ... Like the widow, Bayardo San Roman's joyous days are related to his spouse. ... He clearly has the money to buy the material and this shows that when he wants something specific he gets it and money usually plays an important role in his affairs. ... Most characters in Dom Casmurro and Chronicle of a Death Foretold wear clothing that...

• Word Count: 1389
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Myths always played an important role in human societies. ... Music could play a similar role, communicating situations and emotions by sounds and harmony. ... Spectators were seated on a hillside to view these early "plays". ... The earliest surviving texts of plays are seven tragedies by Aeschylus dating from the first half of the 5th century BC. ... With the collapse of the Roman world and the invasions of the barbarians came the beginnings of the long, slow development of the Christian Church. ...

• Word Count: 1396
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It was all the more broad than the prior restoration and had suggestions past the field of writing, above all in building design, the visual expressions, and the recovery of Roman law. ... Greek had been a key piece of the Roman instructive framework; any informed Roman would have known it and possessed the capacity to quote from its most celebrated creators and speakers, for example, Demosthenes, Aristophanes, or Lucian. ... Case in point, Julius Pomponius Laetus (1428 "1497) established the Roman Academy, whose parts took a dynamic part in antiquarianism and the investigation of the ag...

• Word Count: 2501
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate