The Enlightenment was a social movement grounded in the belief that the universe follows a logical and defined path. ... (Porter, 105-116) The Enlightenment also created the goal of achieving perfection, and placed it within feasible reach of those who practiced Enlightenment thought. ... Enlightenment men were not, however, merely concerned with self-perfection, but rather perfecting humanity as a whole. ... (American Enlightenment [2], 1) The rationalistic and logical thought of the Enlightenment was revolutionary for the time, for it questioned the sovereignty of God and monarchs. ... Enl...

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The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement occurring in Europe throughout the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. ... Jean-Jacques Rousseau was another French political thinker of the Enlightenment era inspired by Locke. ... During the Enlightenment there were many new philosophical ideas formed and advancements made. ... Voltaire is considered to be one of the most famous Enlightenment philosophers. ... Adam Smith became the father of modern economics during the Enlightenment. ...

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In early Mahayana Buddhism as soon as someone reached nirvana and became a Buddha, his goal was to help others reach enlightenment as well. ... Instead, the Zen master would meditate and expect his disciples to understand and reach enlightenment by themselves. No words were actually exchanged to describe how to reach enlightenment. When a student in a monastery would have a question what was needed to reach enlightenment, the master would not give a direct answer. ... Buddha-nature is the belief that every living thing has the potential to reach Buddha-hood and enlightenment. ...

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In "Candide", the novel ridicules a number of Enlightenment Period philosophies, it showed how the Enlightenment was nothing like a uniform movement. Candide's setting takes place during the Enlightenment Era; "The Enlightenment" is the name for a movement that encompasses a wide variety of ideas and advances in the fields of philosophy, science, and medicine. ... The followers of the Enlightenment called for rebellion against superstition, fear, and prejudice. ... Voltaire strongly opposed certain Enlightenment ideas about social class. ... Therefore, the name of the Enlightenment could ...

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In this stage one achieves a state of bodhisattva "mind of enlightenment" or bodhicitta "awakened heart." ... These activities, which are physically acted out, symbolize all aspects of the path to enlightenment. ... It is said that "action tantra" can greatly shorten the path to enlightenment and in only sixteen human lifetimes one can accomplish a state of tantric deity. ... Those who practice "performance tantra" can reach the goal of enlightenment in only seven human lifetimes. ... With the proper motivation and attitudes one can have a distinct idea of the path to enlightenment a...

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The three main causes of the Industrial Revolution were the ideas of the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution, England's government policies, and the financial innovations made. The Industrial Revolution began solely in England for many reasons, and one being the ideas of the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution. ... The open-mind set that the Enlightenment encouraged, and the scientific way of thinking the Scientific Revolution influence lead to a new way of thinking. ... Inventors could monopolize their new field of work and make actual money influencing people to invent their ide...

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Lit I Thomas Paine, Reasoning the Enlightenment In the first few lines of his argument against the church and state, Thomas Paine writes: "I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish church, Roman church, Greek church, Turkish church, Protestant church, nor by any church that I know of. ... The problems that Paine has with the entire idea of Christianity are intricately exposed through Enlightenment ideals, particularly the Catholic ideal that beliefs in the supernatural should be considered over the greater good of reason. ... He uses another Enlightenment tool, mathematics, to de...

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By performing them, individuals, through the working of karma, can seek to assure themselves rebirth in one of the heavens or a better station in life, from which they may be able to attain the goal of enlightenment. Zen Buddhism Zen or Chan Buddhism represents a movement within the Buddhist religion that stresses the practice of meditation as the means to enlightenment. ... According to a later and clearly biased legend, Huineng defeated Hung-jen in a stanza-composing contest, thereby demonstrating his superior enlightenment (Davids 104). ... Zen meditation highlights the experience o...

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There were many similarities between the causes of the American Revolution in 1776 and the Latin American Wars of Independence beginning in 1810. The main similarities between the two independence movements are essentially economical, political, and ideological. Both the United States and Latin Ame...

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The modern era in Jewish thought was established by the alarmingly radical figure of seventeenth century philosopher, Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), who influenced Enlightenment thought throughout Europe as part of an international ideological movement. ... Spinoza highlighted the tensions of enlightenment. ... The laws of nature were equated with the laws of God in Enlightenment thinking. ... Locke is regarded by some as a representative of a moderate strand in Enlightenment thought compared to the politically and philosophically radical tradition stemming from Spinoza. ... Spinoza's pr...

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The real issue was far more complex and involved the convergence of numerous factors, including the social differences in the country, the financial situation, political issues, poor leadership and the influence of the enlightenment. ... The social structure in France was a significant factor, especially with the inequity and the thoughts of the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was a period during which there were significant changes in thought, where there was increased questioning of the world around and movement away from blind acceptance of religion and tradition, towards science and reaso...

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Dorine represents the masses that are becoming more intellectually free and vocal, Cleante reflects the concepts of reason and logic, which are blooming with the onset of the Enlightenment, while Orgon embodies the established society that is dealing with these changing mores. ... While Tartuffe represents the exposure of the sunset of the age of unchallenged Church authority, Cleante introduces the dawning of the coming age of Enlightenment. ... Cleante's voice of reason foreshadows the emerging Enlightenment where human logic and analysis lead the way; but, at the time, the establishm...

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The ideas of enlightenment started to make the ordinary people think differently; as they could see that the American Revolution had created a country in which people had more power on the government, instead of kings (Doyle 2002). ... Both France and America embraced Enlightenment ideals. ... This idea of enlightenment then pushed the ordinary people to take over and the fight began on 14 July 1789, with the attack on Bastille prison which was a symbol of the power of the nobility and the rule of the king (Doyle 2002). ...

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In this way, truth, freedom, love, clear perception, purity, transcendence, and enlightenment are all the very same thing. ... Total knowledge is here -- it is the realization of one truth, it is what to more muddled perceptions might be referred to as omnipotence, enlightenment; and when perceived is perceived means to communicate telepathically, to know clairvoyantly and prophetically, and to control and manipulate the various tangible (physical) and non-tangible 'distinguishments' that are the reality on the '! ... Thus, the journey for enlightenment and awareness of all thin...

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Michel Foucault, a French philosopher of the 20th century, who uses opposing ideas of the Enlightenment in attempt to prove human worth and identity, has also addressed this question. ... Living within a panoptic society destroys the Enlightenment's ultimate ideal of the autonomous self. ... Once immoral boundaries of surveillance are crossed, one is stripped of absolute reason and freedom, thus destroying the strong Enlightenment ideal of autonomy. ...

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The classical period in music tends to be associated with the movement called the Age of Reason or the Enlightenment, which began earlier in the eighteenth century. ... The philosophies of the Enlightenment naturally affected artists, the arts, and their influence on the popular culture. The influence of the Enlightenment on classical music may be seen as a notable decline of religious compositions accompanied by a sharp rise in secular music written specifically for middle-class audiences rather than the nobility. ...

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The novel, Robinson Crusoe, written by Daniel Defoe and first published in 1719, is an important literary piece of the Enlightenment period, as it expresses the Enlightenment themes of individualism, exploration and the rejection of authority. ... The ideas of the Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant can be seen to influence the novel and the character of Robinson Crusoe. In Immanuel Kant's essay, What Is Enlightenment, Kant describes a scenario in which "guardians"6, those who are in a position of power over others, attempt to prevent those in their power from maturing, and...

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His antislavery stance forced his audience to question the core of their American beliefs in a Republic which traced its history back to the Enlightenment. ... Their arguments, despite using different methods of persuasion, were sound and based on establishing affinity with their audience through Biblical references, Enlightenment ideals, or personal narrative so that everyone would eventually come to believe that all men and women deserved the right to be free....

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The significance of Voltaire in this regard lies; first, in the fact that, like the other thinkers mentioned in this passage, he was an exponent of Enlightenment ideals of human perfectibility and of the importance of reason. ... Vere is a humane and cultured man, but he is well aware of the necessity for order, not only in the Navy, but in the world at large, and it is this very conception or order which is threatened by the Enlightenment ideal of infinite human perfectibility, for if man is perfectible through his own efforts, what need has he for God? ...

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This deployment of intellectual resources is considered as an indication of Napoleon's devotion to the principles of the Enlightenment. ... They founded the Institute of Egypt with the aim of propagating Enlightenment values in Egypt through interdisciplinary work, improving its agricultural and architectural techniques for example. ...

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The Haitian, Mexican, and most Latin American revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment ideas. ... The Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality inspired the oppressed classes from the social structure of these colonies to rebel against their oppressors. ...

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Catherine was an avid student of the Enlightenment, which was the European intellectual movement whose ideas about the social contract and human rights were being shaped by their own notions of the legitimate role of government.8 Many critics such as K. ... Gukovskii had been highly critical about her importance throughout her participation in the Enlightenment. ...

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Aronofsky also innovates a particular music theme aptly named "hip-hop" to coincide with reoccurring montages, such as moments of enlightenment, episodes of mass drug consumption and headaches. ... In the end, after Maximilian Cohen is reconciled and returns to his place of enlightenment, I envisioned the closing scene being filmed in true color picture to induce one of the most powerful finales in film history, when it did not, I was briefly disappointed. ...

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Keeping that in mind, ideology had a major effect in the making of the modern world, and was the prescription for the change influenced by the Enlightenment of a society, which deemed to be man made. ... The ideas of these principles were not new, the foundation of them could be traced back to the Enlightenment and even further. ...

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Joseph de Maistre despised the Enlightenment for taking power away from religion and traditional elites, just as Hippolyte Taine condemned the rise to power of the masses, whom he suggested were biologically inferior to aristocrats (RoSo, 2002). The ideology has been linked by some scholars to the socially radical Jacobins of the French Revolution, but others see it as a reactionary extreme-right conservatism against the 19th-century ideals of the Enlightenment (RoSo, 2002). ...

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