For example, to achieve the reading comprehension we need to understand the information given by the text, for instance, we can identify where the agent and theme of the text or identify the tenses of text or sentences. As argued by Givon (1995 in Zhang, 2012) the grammatical knowledge is important to the comprehension of texts in that it is essential to coherence building, as well as to word integration for establishing propositional meanings that enable text model construction and integration (Fender, 2001; Kintsch, 1998; Perfetti & Britt, 1995 in Zhang 2012). ... This theory states, second ...

• Word Count: 1309
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Discourse comprehension is the act of interpreting a written or spoken message by integrating the received information into the memory or knowledge structures of the interpreter. ... These lexical ties can occur over long passages of text or discourse. ... The comprehension of a passage or text is based on the given/new information of the sentences. ... The surface representation captures several aspects of the text (including lexical and syntactic information) exactly, and is as a result an exact mental representation of the text. The propositional representation captures the meaning of ...

• Word Count: 1219
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With the advent of the internet, e-mail and instant messaging have become increasingly popular as a means of communication. Since most internet communication is done by typing, users abbreviate words to reduce the time it takes to get a message across. ... Written language is also standardized, meaning that a reader will be able to read and understand a text written by a writer from a different state, region or continent from the reader. ... Variations in accents, slang terms and dialects make it difficult, if not impossible for someone unfamiliar with the speaker's language to comprehend...

• Word Count: 978
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The authority and force of any spoken text within the training room can be examined, particularly in relation to issues of control. ... The order of discourse' (Fairclough, 2001) of education is an obvious area for the critical study of text and talk and one that has received much attention from researchers (see Atkinson, Davies, and Delamont, 1995; Coulthard, 1994; Duszak, 1997; Fisher and Todd, 1986; Mercer, 1995; Wodak, 1996). ... Discourse access and control may be defined in respect of both content and structure of text or talk. ... Fairclough (2001) argues that texts can interpella...

• Word Count: 6821
• Approx Pages: 27
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate