Genetic testing is one of these new advancements. Genetic testing includes several different methods such as the genetic screening of newborns, prenatal testing, and designer babies. ... Many of these types of tests have proven to be useful but also very controversial. ... First, it is necessary to understand the basic concept of genetic testing. ... There are other similar technological advances of genetic testing, such as prenatal testing, that involves the screening of unborn babies. ...

• Word Count: 1286
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction Also referred as pen testing, penetration is the process of testing web application, network and PC framework so as to find out the vulnerabilities that an attacker could take advantage of. ... Tests to Check the Vulnerability: 1. ... This means that penetration testing is a compartment of ethical thinking. ... An efficient test doesn't mean that the framework is secure 100%. ... The different results for the vulnerability test are as follows: 1. ...

• Word Count: 1612
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The most efficient methods are through drug testing, personality testing, integrity testing, aptitude testing, and background checks. ... Employers generally test applicants and employees for drugs and alcohol because they perceive that those who test positive are more likely to be fired or absent from work than those who test negative. ... In order to determine whether an individual is using drugs and alcohol there are several types of drug testing methods that can be used such as urine test, blood test, breath-alcohol test, and saliva and hair test. ... A drug testing policy should inclu...

• Word Count: 2234
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For some people this testing brings up ethical questions. ... The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the body that governs animal testing, must approve all tests (United States Department of Agriculture 2). ... Tests can no longer be performed if conclusive data is already available. ... The benefits gained from animal testing are too widespread to ignore. Everyday life has been changed for the better because of this testing. ...

• Word Count: 1765
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Animal testing is an unnecessarily cruel and inaccurate process that should not be used to test cosmetic products and new drugs today. ... The LD-50 test, which stands for Lethal Dose-50%, means that out of all the animals tested on, 50% of them died. ... Another regularly used test is the Draize test of which there are two common types: skin and eye irritants. Guinea pigs are the most commonly tested on animal for the Draize test. ... They are, however, constantly looking for alternative ways to make animal testing less extreme and painful (Animal Testing"). ...

• Word Count: 1740
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Safety testing grew out of other forms of testing. ... The debate over animal testing has become an ethical and philosophical issue. ... ("Animal Testing") The most famous example of the dangers of animal testing is the Thalidomide tragedy of the 1960s and 1970s. ... The most common type of alternative methods are: in-vitro tests, computer software, databases of tests already done (to avoid duplication), and even human "clinical trial" tests. ... Testing of animals is cruel and unethical. ...

• Word Count: 1294
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

NCLB mandated high-stakes tests for all states, and imposed a carrots-and-sticks strategy of rewards and punishments if test scores were not consistently high. ... Standardized tests will continue to decrease the class time spent on history and science and increase the number of skilled test-takers who aren't any better at math and reading, despite No Child Behind legislation and its promise of improvement through standardized tests (Ravitch, 2011). ... Schools with at-risk students become institutions for test takers. ... Students and teachers have learned that their jobs and futures ar...

• Word Count: 1946
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Turing Test is illustrated as an experiment in which a human has text conversations with another human and a computer programmed to imitate human communication, without knowing which is the computer and which is the other human. ... The theory by which the Turing Test operates is that if a computer can convince a human that it is a human through conversation, then such computers should be considered "thinking.... One of the common objections to the Turing Test is that regardless of the ability to simulate human speech, computers will never be able to do certain conscious-requiring act...

• Word Count: 1527
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Traditional intelligence tests have different scales and measure different cognitive abilities or skills. ... For instance in the reading labeling the figures helped the little girl on the UNIT test. ... Next the article discusses psychometric factors in reading the article I've come to the conclusion that psychometric factors are those aspects of a test or a measure that say how good the test or measure is. ... Validity, briefly, refers to how well a test measures what it says it does. ... According to the authors of the article "the ultimate responsibility for appropriate test use ...

• Word Count: 1296
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As students make their way throughout school they are assaulted with test after test. ... Many people blame this on cultural flaws in the test. ... Standardized testing gives a disciplined, orderly way of assessing students and test are reevaluated and adjusted quite often. Kurt Landgraf of the Education Testing Service when discussing the myths of standardized testing says. ... Rather than using these statistics incorrectly, groups opposed to testing should worry about why so few boys attempt the test. ...

• Word Count: 1787
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, there is no definitive test or single symptom that a doctor can use to make the diagnosis. ... Some doctors will perform a hearing test to establish the extent of hearing loss caused by Ménière's disease. ... All patients underwent a standardized history and physical examination, a complete auditory-vestibular test battery, and a set of physical therapy tools to measure balance function. ... Once the acute fluctuating symptoms of Meniere's were controlled in this group of individuals, all of them underwent vestibular physical therapy and demonstrated significan...

• Word Count: 1725
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Since then, there have been tests that allow the detection of Down syndrome before the birth of the child. ... Parents want healthy babies, doctors encourage them to get tested, and some genetic tests are being marketed too early. Genetic testing has enormous benefits but it is overused and misused" (Eatimathas). ... This may induce a laissez-faire approach to prenatal genome testing and the unnecessary death of a child based on mistaken interpretations of their genes (Beware the Destiny Test). ... S Food and Drug Administration and genome-testing companies will need to develop a compr...

• Word Count: 2071
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For a test to be precise it needs to be standardised and to issue a truly standardised test, the testing environment should be the same or as close to as possible for everyone involved. ... One of the important questions that always comes up regarding these tests is what are the tests really measuring? ... Their ability to perform well on standardised tests? ... Granted that normal standardised tests certainly get predictable results where academics are concerned, the tests should not be considered as the only indicators of general intelligence because of the glaring omissions in the testing...

• Word Count: 1320
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This test is typically performed on six rabbits per substance tested. ... The test is unreliable. ... These tests are crude, cruel, and unreliable. ... I have conducted my own tests on animal tested products and non-animal tested products for a period of a month, I have use shampoo, soap, deodorant and my mother has used face make- up and mascara. ... Newer and more sophisticated tests are gradually replacing the Draize test. ...

• Word Count: 2184
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For example, a valid test method involves a test set transmitting frames to an input port on the device under test (DUT) and then measuring those frames on an output port (with the same test set, of course). ... When multiple devices are to receive test traffic, as is frequently the case with interoperability and design validation testing, the DUT is made to route the test frames, as is the case in the real world. Sophisticated test equipment can accomplish this by sending test data to and from multiple protocol addresses. ... The actual duration of the test trials must be a compromise...

• Word Count: 2465
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Educational Testing Service (ETS) adopted the SAT I back in 1944. ... The original test, known as the "Army Alpha" was an IQ test administered by the United States Army to evaluate the intelligence of new recruits. Following the war, the Army Alpha was adapted and transformed for the purpose of a college admissions test, (The Big Test: SAT I, p.l) .The first test was experimentally administered to a few thousand college applicants in 1926. ... Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips, editors of the 1998 book, The Black- White Test Score Gap, argued that African Americans will always scor...

• Word Count: 1715
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There appears to be no end in sight since leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. ... The NCAA has a reputation which is as bad if not worse than the NFL because of the small number of players they test and the quality of testing for those players. ... One reason for this is that costs for testing for steroids can range from $100 to $200, while tests for most street drugs may only cost $25. ... I believe that in order to solve the problem, the first thing the NCAA and universities need to do is increase the quality of the tests and pay the extra money for the 100-200 dollar ...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Educators motivated by impending sanctions imposed on those with low-test scores have tailored their instruction to match the test; they have lowered student expectations and narrowed down the school curriculum to the subject matter on the test. The need to make test performance the first priority forced many teachers to push topics and activities that did not appear on the test to the end of the school year, after testing is finished. ... The results of a national survey of teachers by researchers at Boston College documented that over a hundred hours of instruction time is spent on test-ta...

• Word Count: 1405
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

ANIMAL TESTING (what exactly is the problem?)... According to specific test animal tests and human results only match 5%-25% of the time. ... If anything animal testing only contributes to human despair. ... When replacing animal testing the three "Rs" must be taken into consideration. ... Animals are not humans and therefore can not be used as proper test products. ...

• Word Count: 1336
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some influential companies that test their products on animals include: Covergirl, Maybelline New York, Revlon, Tide, Clorox, Clean Clear, and Lysol (Companies that Still Test on Animals). ... In the United States, animal testing is regulated by the Animal Welfare Act (AWA). ... In vitro tests have been proven to be more effective than animal testing when detecting chemicals that irritate skin. For instance, in vitro test were 100% accurate, while tests on rabbits were only successful 40% of the time (NEAVS, Alternatives in Testing). In the last analysis, animal testing is an ancient resear...

• Word Count: 1580
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When testing for nitrates using the Diphenylamine testing process, it is possible to get a false positive result if the substance came from fertilizer or photographic products ("Gunshot Residue Presumptive Tests, 2012). Another test, the Modified Griess Test, tests for nitrite compounds. These nitrites can also be found in "some disinfectants and cannabis," potentially producing another false positive test result (Gunshot Residue Presumptive Tests," 2012). A third test, which tests for lead, is called a Sodium Rhodizonate Test ("Gunshot Residue Presumptive Tests," 2012). Any lead con...

• Word Count: 2081
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As this essay focuses upon the Rorschach technique a definition of personality is given by Bell (1948), who wrote extensively on projective personality tests will be used as it is provides and appropriate definitions of personality for the test under evaluation. ... What follows the test is perhaps one of the biggest problems with this method. ... Perhaps one of the most valuable ways to evaluate this test is to use a case history as an example. ... There are other more formal criticisms of the ink blot test, and Rorschach himself gives some of these. ... Another criticism is that a person res...

• Word Count: 2015
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It has been found that animal testing was unnecessary when pressure was applied to cosmetics-industry and product-safety testing 10 years ago (Horvitz 40). ... Scientist argue against finding alternatives to animal testing because, they're not sure if they can make test subjects or computer programs, that will give them the information they need. ... The EPA still conducts the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) test - recording how much chemical kills 50% of the animals in a test group - even though a majority of scientists agree that the test is a lousy predictor of human risk. ... LD 50 is by far...

• Word Count: 1668
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The quote above is indeed correct in the way that scientific societies constantly re-test and preform tests again to see if they will yield the same results. ... Moreover, Re-testing may also detract from regulation of researcher error by the inadequacy of instruments. Some re-tests may yield different results due to a lack of a scale or simple instrument error. ... Although there are problems with re-testing, there is value in it. ... This constant testing to narrow down possibilities helps our knowledge in researcher's error. ...

• Word Count: 1488
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These are normally done while the patient is hospitalized as the testing can last from three to six hours in duration. ... Disease and Test Brain Diseases The brain is the control center of the entire human body. ... Testing A neuropsychologist conducts many different tests to show at what capacity one's brain can accomplish. The neuropsychologist tests the limits of the brain, and most neuropsychological tests involve answering or performing different tasks. Some of these tasks test for attention span and memory, others test for language and speech skills, ...

• Word Count: 2384
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate