Moral and ethical theories are systems which attempt to provide reason, guidance, or judgement of an action or non-action. The system attempts to make a statement about whether an action is moral or immoral, just or unjust, often with the goal is for the vast majority, ideally everybody, to conform to a given moral theory so that the best, most ethically sound world would come into existence. ... If the best, most agreed upon, intuitively correct, aspects of different theories can be conjoined whilst the largest, most obvious, flaws of such theories are avoided, then perhaps a system can be de...

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Unfortunately, we are living in the capitalism system – where production is a big factor of the system to survive – and life becomes industrial modernization. ... In suggestion, I would like to recommend the Kantianism – an ethic theory – to any businessman whom would like to take the moral action seriously. ... In the theory, he would like to consider morality is a duty for all of us. The ideal of theory so strong that influences number of people in ethical ways, some writers even simple refer Kantianism as deontology. ...

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The National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) is a section within the U.S. ... This structure response system has been created by the Department of Homeland Security in response to the past failed responses using the guidelines set forth by the National Incident Management System. ... Egalitarian theory is belief that all should have an equal distribution of scarce goods. ... The communitarian theory focuses on creating a "good" society. ... All three theories create ethical dilemmas for the responding medical providers. ...

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Through Mill's system, it is a moral responsibility to sacrifice the happiness of a minority if it means overall happiness. For example someone can actually excuse an evil like slavery under Mill's theory of utilitarianism. ... For an ethical system to work, it has to produce desired results with a reasonable amount of consistency. In a system like Kant's if most of its people lack a certain characteristic, the system will fail. Kant makes this mistake when forming his theories of the categorical imperative. ...

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Both of these theories make valid points, and have strong proof. ... I will briefly explain the two theories as well as point out the similarities between the two theories, as well as the differences. ... It is also a system that directs us to calculate the social consequences of our actions. ... Both theories deal with human conduct. ... Utilitarianism is a system that directs us to calculate the social consequences of our actions, while Confucianism is much more. ...

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It will examine the moral theories as well as the biomedical principles. However, consequentialism as a moral theory for justification will be the focus of this essay. ... According to the world health organisation (WHO) (2015), vaccination is the process of administering antibodies into the immune system of an individual so as to create resistance against communicable diseases. ... Some of the reasons are analysed below based on the moral theory of Consequentialism. ... Consequentialism as a theory for morally justifying the enforcement of vaccination was also looked into. ...

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Early eighteenth century philosopher, Jeremy Bentham, had a large impact on the world with his utilitarian views, with special emphasis on the legal system. ... To help explain his theories Bentham drew up a calculus, which takes into account six criteria for measuring pain and pleasure. ... This idea works in exactly the same fashion as our present system does in taking into account prior offenses and habits. ... Though many people have criticized some of his theories he has still become famous for his expansion of the utilitarian way of looking at society and the many improvements he made ...

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We would not be able to do wrong if we acted out of our personal beliefs system, as we almost always do. ... Surely there are different belief systems in the slums of New Jersey than would be found in the ritzy circles of Beverly Hills. ... Furthermore, what if the belief system of a particular society is in transition? ... There have been several major theories on how judgement of moral action should be pursued. ... Immanuel Kant's ethical system and the utilitarian system provide intelligent possibilities for moral judgement, however, they lie in direct conflict with one another. ...

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The positivists argue that separation is between the individual morality and law - legislators take upon a "legal personality" (which Davies describes as an "abstract" theory) . ... Natural theorists argue that the ruling is a win for Natural theory. ... She writes that "the truth of the system becomes self-fulfilling". ... Regardless of how the system actually is, be it connected or separated, it is what it is perceived to be that really creates its existence. ... The prominent perception of the legal system will lead to the production of laws to reflect that perception. ...

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If Joseph Darbys actions were to be judged by this rule, utility theory would say that he made the right decision. ... Additionally, Darbys action ensured that everyone involved in the scandal was properly handled by the justice system to ensure that their dishonorable actions did not have an effect on other people later down the line. ... According to utility theory an act can be justified if it generates the greatest net happiness from the available options. ... With all consequences and people taken in consideration, utility theory would determine Edward Snowdens actions to be amoral. In a...

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John Stuart Mill acknowledges that while this may be true in theory, that men do not conduct their lives in total pursuit of happiness, they still need a gauge with which to measure morality. ... However Mill did not succeed in abolishing all the shortcomings of Bentham's theory. ... Different pleasures bring different amounts of happiness to different people but in Bentham's theory all pleasures are equal. ... This system appealed to the reforming element of society who pushed for education reforms so that more could experience higher pleasures and have a better quality of life. Mil...

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Jeremy Bentham's theory of Utilitarianism was based on an observation, that the definition "good" in terms of "pleasure" and established that two things are intrinsically good namely pleasure itself and freedom from pain. ... However Mill did not succeed in abolishing all the shortcomings of Bentham's theory. ... Different pleasures bring different amounts of happiness to different people but in Bentham's theory all pleasures are equal. ... This system appealed to the reforming element of society who pushed for education reforms so that more could experience higher pleasures and...

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One is the ownership theory. ... Another theory is the stakeholder theory of the firm. ... The stakeholder theory can be seen as the 'right' thing to do. ... Bureaucracy is not just a technical system. It is a system of power, privilege, and domination. ...

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In institution-based trust, "people rely on the work of institutions, such as laws and regulations, certificates, professions, or educational systems, to ensure the proper functioning of social or economic exchanges (Stolowy, Messner, & Jeanjean, 2014). ... An Evaluation of Madoff's Actions Based on Ethical Theories When Madoff began his business in 1960 he ran an honest enterprise. ... Analyzing his actions from a stockholder's theory point of view, it can be concluded that the decisions that he took and the shift that he made, could be deemed inappropriate. ... But according t...

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One could suggest that having an absolute, deontological ethical system in place to govern business is not such a bad idea. ... What remains clear is that natural moral law (as it stands) is not a useful ethical system for governing the business world of today. ... Such theories as Bentham's hedonistic utilitarianism are relatively easy to apply and fulfil the same goals as businesses: to provide as much good or pleasure for all involved. ...

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Aristotle, to prove his theory relevant, proves this point from countless directions. The theory in its most basic form, nevertheless, was the result of a variant of the Socratic Method called practical syllogism. ... This theory extends to all walks of life; for instance happiness is achieved in the animal kingdom through sustenance and survival (among other things). ... Rationality and reason allow humans to devise complex systems of morality and self development, also know as virtue. ...

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It will weaken the system of the economy in general aspect. ... For example, corporate should follow the tax system; Intentionally manufacturing defective products and fraud are illegal. ... For instance, corporate must follow the tax system and labour law to run its business; Another example is when gambling is prohibited by laws, corporate must not launch any projects that are related to gambling regardless to their positive NPV or social demand. ... According to the basic theory of economic, the best method to meet the intermediate is controlled by the invisible market hand, i....

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Both philosophers Immanuel Kant and John Mill's theories, being, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals and Utilitarianism respectively, provide strong arguments for their positions and are still both very influential in the philosophical realm today. ... Mill's first argument is that things included in the ideas of pain and pleasure do not affect the theory of life upon which the theory of morality is based, the reason for this essentially being that pleasure and freedom from pain are the only things desirable as ends. ... Mills believes that it does not matter what the...

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In a situation like this an ethical speculation referred to as ethical relativism is the theory that can be used. Ethical relativism is the theory that maintains that ethics is relative to the standard of one's customs. ... His reasoning comes from the teleological ethical system known as Utilitarianism. ... This can be deemed as ethical formalism in the deontological system. ...

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It is based upon this belief that he has created the moral theory of utilitarianism. ... This theory is easy to believe but with a little "background check" is quite a basic derivation of natural human instinct. ... As much as the idea of only having to ask whether something will create happiness without having to apply it to some outside moral standard which may provide an uncomfortable answer is attractive, people are suspicious of a theory which makes being moral as easy as counting happiness units. ... Mill deals with the objection to the baseness of his theory in the following way: "To...

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The NSA systematically undermined the basic encryption systems of the Internet, making it possible to access to the sensitive banking or medical data is truly private (Shane, 2013). The agency has cracked into the digital scrambling such as global commerce and banking systems, protects sensitive data like trade secrets and medical records, and automatically secures the e-mails, web searches, internet chats and phone calls of all U.S citizens and others around the world. ... In order to understanding the perspective of his disclosures, we have used the Kohlberg theory. ...

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In theory, genetic modification techniques could be used alongside cloning to produce transgenic pigs (animals containing both human and pig genes), which would be ideal "donors- of human livers, hearts and lungs. ... Oversize fetuses, placental defects, lung, kidney and cardiovascular problems, brain abnormalities, immune system dysfunction and severe postnatal weight gain are examples of ailments suffered by many cloned animals. ... We have an obligation to preserve biodiversity and a long-term duty of care to the world around us, which to the detriment of many vital natural systems, we have...

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Only some companies like Motorola for example have accounting systems to spot kickbacks by noting differences between what the customer pays and what a vendor receives. ... Wheelen & Hunger in the Strategic Management & Business Policy text supports O' Sullivan's theory by stressing, "what goes around comes around-. ... Quite a number of good examples that supported the theory' that O' Sullivan suggested were demonstrated in The Economist 27th February 1999. ... This supports the theory of positive correlation between ethics and business performance as suggested by O&#...

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In the modern world of high level of information accessibility and mass awareness of professionals' legal obligations, the role of decision-making in healthcare delivery has evolved into a system where health care policies and ethics has given the service users the absolute power to decide about their care. The purpose of this essay is to critically evaluate the role of healthcare professionals in relation to decision-making process from different ethical and legal perspectives, and discuss virtue ethics theory and principles that applies in the situation of a clinical dilemma to be prese...

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"Of all criminal justice agencies the police are the most widely dispersed, readily accessible, and widely visible agents of the criminal justice system (Sechrest and Burns, 1992). " Officers must draw upon an ethical framework along with relying on emotion, instinct, and personal values when facing ethical issues. ... Police are an integral part of the criminal justice system has the purpose of controlling crime in the community. ...

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