In this paper I will discuss how two different theories of state repression can be applied to the Apartheid regime in South Africa. I will discuss how High Modernism, a theory constructed by James Scott, and Organic Nationalism, a theory put forth by Michael Mann, contributed to Apartheid ideology. ... The Afrikaner National Party played on this fear and developed the Apartheid system that was essentially "an economic system, designed to restrict blacks to the position of a permanently subordinate, low-paid working class." ... The Apartheid system also called for political segregation,...

• Word Count: 2509
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Theories of racial history were transformed into theories of world history. ... Explanations for advanced social systems in Africa were predicated on the belief of Caucasian mixture in the aristocratic or ruling elements. ... It also became associated with "republicanism, Protestantism, democracy, laissez-faire, economic theory, progress, and empire building" (Smedley 188). ... This idea passed on through the school system to the children enforcing the idea of racial superiority further into the social culture of America. ... Indian burial grounds, advanced social systems in Africa, etc.)...

• Word Count: 1439
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One explanation for racial residential segregation is the racial threat theory (Kent & Carmichael, 2014). ... The racial threat theory can explain the persistence of racial residential segregation in terms of fear based on racial stereotyping. ... Similar to the racial threat theory, this theory also considers racial perceptions and attitudes as barriers to integration. ... The theory fails to explain this aspect, which the racial threat theory and the place stratification theory address. ... So far, improvements in the transportation system to connect black communities with various employmen...

• Word Count: 1640
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ideally, the destruction of white privilege and the belief systems that support it could result in the formation of an equal nation. ... White privilege is a system that amasses to whites' greater wealth and resources. ... Using William Ryan's theories on equality, white privilege represents a major discrepancy in his "Fair Play" perspective. ... This Fair Shares theory calls for society to check the behavior of those that become overly ambitious at the expense of the less affluent. ...

• Word Count: 884
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

While the commonplace approach of analysing the novel would be to place it within the context of its time of publication and/or the time frame the story is set in, this paper seeks to determine its current-day relevance in terms of how racial issues are treated within the American judicial system. 3. ... (Interview: The Daily Show) The Texas Department of Criminal Justice has been banning the book since 2005, along with three other works by Grisham, on the grounds of it containing "content that could be deemed as 'inflammatory' in the prison system"("National Library ...

• Word Count: 4938
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is maintained in this paper that the current usage of the term race, as perpetuated by clients, professionals, and systems in the mental health profession, is outdated, misleading, and sometimes destructive. ... This lauded myth of superior races did not arise overnight, but in fact has a historical development and can be traced back to the grandiloquent but deeply flawed theories of two prominent 18th century scientists - Carl Linnaeus and Johann Blumenbach. In 1735, Linnaeus published a biological schema used to classify plants and animals titled Systems of Nature, which later became th...

• Word Count: 1166
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When it comes to the theory of any particular enlightenment, we cannot overlook the accomplishments of Benjamin Banneker, because his inventions and theories have contributed to the adaptation of the political, social, and economic structures within the United States. ... He was also the first scientist to study the relativity of time and space two centuries before Einstein's Theory of Relativity. ... I can add with truth that nobody wishes more ardently to see a good system commenced for raising the condition both of their body & mind to what it ought to be, as fast as the imbecility of...

• Word Count: 1655
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

James Baldwin was a civil rights activist in America; not only did he fight for "the injustice system of racism, but also the rampant homophobia and ant-intellectualism" (Baldwin, 165). ... Baldwin talks about feeling like a rarity and an attraction, being called the n-word, and he shares his theory of how evolved the world will become. ... The opinion that James Baldwin's prediction of a dark revolution will ultimately come to pass is a theory I believe shall come to pass. ...

• Word Count: 1313
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Reading the critiques of feminism from African-American women's views added made me think about feminism and race in a different way. I had read some of bell hooks before and other articles regarding women and race, but in this unit I particularly enjoyed reading the selection from the Combahee Riv...

• Word Count: 537
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Despite these facts, the development of the legal system with regard to race seems to have become stagnant. ... There are several levels within the system at which discrimination could occur. The initial contact which anyone has with the justice system is with the police. The police are the institution which serve as a gateway to the legal system, and thus it is only logical to look here first. ... So other aspects of the criminal justice system must be examined. ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

King instructed the Negro community to refrain from engaging in harm to others implying an agreement with John Stuart Mill's theory of utility. King implied that he believed in the utilitarian theory of happiness through no harm to others when he said that "in the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. ...

• Word Count: 2706
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although the 13th Amendment stated that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude... shall exist within the United States," a new agricultural system, the crop lien, kept the blacks under the control of their (former) "masters". With unfair trade practices and a limited amount of capital being exchanged, the blacks in the South were not free to do as they pleased; once again they were caught in a system that profited the white Southerners. ... Southern whites were allowed to set up a system that kept blacks as prisoners without any say on their future. ... The amendments to the Constitution...

• Word Count: 1530
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In struggling against the brutal dynamics of a system that simultaneously set before her ideals of "true womanhood," yet refused to acknowledge her as a human being, Jacobs rises scarred but victorious. ... DuBois introduced the theory of double-consciousness in the early twentieth century. ... This theory postulated that the person who embodied its principles would experience a divided loyalty to each culture, as well as difficulties with identification. ...

• Word Count: 1740
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thomas notes in his theory of "Definition of the Situation" that, "the child is always born into a group of people among whom all the general types of situation which may arise have already been defined and corresponding rules of conduct developed, and where he has not the slightest chance of making his definitions and following his wishes without interference. ... Urie Bronfenbrenner proposed in the Model of the Ecology of Human Development is composed of four distinct although interrelated, systems or types of settings (Lerner, 1995). ... Each system focuses on 3 concepts: 1) the developing ...

• Word Count: 2352
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ever since the Congress of the United States passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the United States has achieved a significant progress on the subject of establishing equal treatment for all citizens under the law.3 Many laws and theories aim for fair and equal rights among people despite their race, gender or age and discrimination has been seemingly disappeared from society. ... Current criminal justice system and criminal laws in the United States are biased, even though it facially displays neutrality.4 This essay will provide examples and following analysis of the cases of minority groups...

• Word Count: 2471
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Affirmative Action: A Necessity for All Albert Einstein said, "Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized." In his time, it was an issue between the rich and the poor, but today, it is between the minority and the majority. Racial inequality today is an enormous issue. There...

• Word Count: 1479
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Studies that Benson addresses reinforce the ideas that Latino students aren't getting the same education as whites, with data showing that more Latino kids are placed with less effective teachers within the education system. ... Many see black people as lazy and Hispanics as illegal immigrants who just want to work under the table and cheat the system, when the truth is, many are trying to graduate, get a degree, and better their lives. ... In theory, this was a good solution; it allowed for more minorities to get the opportunity for success. ...

• Word Count: 1872
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Affirmative action in theory is intended to help the welfare of this country's minorities by supporting the idea that individuals are equal and should not be judged by race or sex. ... Despite the fact that affirmative action has some positive points that do contribute to society, it is still a flawed system that merely turns the tables of racism. ... In order to create a system that is fair the government needs to do additional research in improving its present situation. ...

• Word Count: 2152
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Standpoint theory is the idea of the relationship between subordination and dominance and the effects on what people see or do not see. Any system of difference shapes those on whom it grants privilege as well as those it oppresses (Frankenburg, 1993, p. 1). ...

• Word Count: 1531
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate