Introduction Light is energy in the form of visible light radiation. ... Low speed centrifuge was used to filter out and pellet the large cell debris, the mixture formally known as supernatant. The supernatant was in turn centrifuge at high speeds to obtain the chloroplasts. ... Anther test tube was wrapped with foil in order to minimize light exposure. ... The last unique test tube was placed under an unfiltered light. ...

• Word Count: 903
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This emission of light is fascinating because the energy required to produce the light suggests that the temperature inside the bubble exceeds 10,000 Celcius. ... So long as the amplitude of the sound wave remains stable, the bubble will continue to emit light. ... Rather than heat creating the light, Prosperetti believes that the speed of the stream of water forced from the bubble by the sound wave causes the bubble to crack, much like a solid. Because the water may move at speeds in excess of 4000 miles per hour, the cracking of the bubble produces sufficient energy to emit light. ... ...

• Word Count: 581
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

British physicist John Tyndall popularized light guiding in a demonstration he first used in 1854, guiding light in a jet of water flowing from a tank. By the turn of the century, inventors realized that bent quartz rods could carry light, and patented them as dental illuminators. ... Fiber optics is currenty the best long distance communications method because it provides much faster data transfer speeds when compared to the traditional interconnection media such as copper wire. ... With its high-speed data transfer rates, which can out, perform copper wire, optical fiber will certainly be...

• Word Count: 864
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Antimatter is the opposite of matter, yet it is identical to ordinary matter in nearly every way. The only aspect that differs the two is charge. Antiparticles always have the opposite charge as their corresponding particle. Paul A. M. Dirac, a physicist, formulated a theory before antimatter was di...

• Word Count: 702
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The poet gives a very detailed description of the storm and throws a negative light on it. ... The wind again picks up speed and is now so powerful that the fields start quivering and the sky seems like it may vanish any moment with a bang. ... The poem follows a very well structured timeline beginning with the fact that the poet has already been facing the storm for one night then how dawn breaks, how from the noon to the evening the wind again picks up speed and once again starts destroying everything in its path, finally at night it reaches a level where it seems that it will tear the house...

• Word Count: 788
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Many more people have died and are injured from traffic light accidents. ... I believe a hologram traffic light with teleportation system would reduce and even stop all accidents. The hologram traffic light with teleportation system is a future technology I wish to create. It will project a large hologram instead of a tiny red light. ... Or if a car was speeding through and it gets teleported back but speeds isn't reduced or stopped, so it'll just keep repeating the process until the red hologram is gone. ...

• Word Count: 707
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Nowadays, we are operating at warp speed at the speed of light. ... Although these methods have become convenient for some, it has also become a double-edged sword because in a fast paced working environment, operating at such a high speed can produce workplace stress. ...

• Word Count: 888
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It can reach a maximum operating speed of Mach 0.88 and carry a team of eight up to 4,350 nautical miles (8,056 km) at its normal cruise speed of Mach 0.80. ... The flight set a new city-pair speed record. (Gulf-Stream Website) The Learjet 60 XR extra-light aircraft will rocket seven passengers directly above the heavily traveled lower flight lanes with the lightening fast time-to-climb. ... The Falcon 2000LX's innovative high-Mach blended winglets, developed in partnership with API, improve cruise speed efficiency by 5% and so lower its carbon footprint. ...

• Word Count: 1098
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Occasionally, it even reaches speeds of up to 1000 km/s. ... Recent data from the Voyager 1 and 2 space probes have shed new light on the subject. ... An explanation of the radio signals emitted can be found through the example of an aircraft flying at the speed of sound. ...

• Word Count: 682
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The Avicennia marina have a white tomentum (felty layer) at the lower leaf surface for reflecting bright light to lower plant temperature, and hence reduce water loss. ... Interestingly the speed with which this happens depends on the temperature and salinity of the water. ... By reducing current speed and trapping sediments, the tangled roots, pneumatophores and trunks of the mangroves help to reduce siltation in adjacent marine habitats. ...

• Word Count: 908
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One of the first physical processes Newton would revisit at Cambridge was that concerning light. He theorized that even white light was composed of a variety of constituents, each of a different color . ... Hodges notes that this analysis allowed Newton to envision: "light and visibility of objects as a result of the rather mechanical movement of a host of miniscule particles or "corpuscles" of light through air, from object to observer, at the speed of about 168,000 miles per second". In more than one way Newton's theories of light interrelate with his theories of gravity. ... ...

• Word Count: 1150
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In the late 1990s the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ratified the important WLAN standard which regulated the speed in which data was transmitted the turning point for wireless device use and for interoperability as we know it today. ... Infrared (IR) wireless technology uses light instead of radio for its connectivity. Infrared is low-frequency, invisible light that can serve as a carrier of high-speed digital data. ...

• Word Count: 943
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The new advances and emphasis on speed, communication, mobility, time and science offered inspiration to artists in all fields. ... The themes in futurism include violence, war, anarchy, nationalism, the glorification of urban life, technology and speed, and was distingtly against past and academic values. ... Beyound the written word there was propaganda in the streets, riots and rally, "fururists evenings" which included concerts and theatre but all with a means to propagate the futurist message of youth and speed and reinvention. ... "Those who go", use of a blue tone, demonstrating mec...

• Word Count: 1104
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And as these cities have grown in population, traffic congestion has forced them to expand far way from a central core ... and these spreading cities can no longer be served in a significant way by line haul transit systems, such as buses and light rail. ... This new mode of transportation must have adequate speed, capacity, safety, and reliability. ... PRTs are cost effective, primarily due to low capital and operating costs, are easily expandable as networks, can have different line speeds on various guideway segments, can include high speed arterial guideway segments, cargo vehicles in ...

• Word Count: 985
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Between each of the novel's three sections, there is an evolving sense of time that both speeds up and slows down in rhythm with the development of the characters and plotline. ... The writing incorporates themes of light and optimism, and the presence of young, cheerful children further highlights the idea of blissful ignorance. ... Even though maturation is viewed in a positive light, the loss of innocence and freedom that consequently occurs is unsettling. ...

• Word Count: 869
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Also according to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than the speed of light but most compact objects imaginable are predicted by General Relativity to have such strong gravitational force that nothing can escape them- not even light. For this reason, it is called a black hole; light, as a result disappears from the visible universe. John Mitchell, an English geologist, had written a paper in 1783 about the extraordinary strength of gravity- so strong that light could not escape it. ...

• Word Count: 984
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Such armor gave the Bismarck many advantages in protection but it did not inhibit her speed, as she was only capable of its maximum speed of 30 knots. ... Throwing a light rock into the swimming pool would sink easily, but how could Bismarck float with its weight of more than 50,000 tones? ...

• Word Count: 979
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Other than heat energy, various forms of energy include electrical, light, mechanical, chemical, sound and nuclear energy. These different forms of energy can cause a substance to heat up by simply increasing the speed of the molecules in the matter. ...

• Word Count: 866
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition, the occipital lobes are more developed in men and these allow them to see better in bright light, so it indicates why men are good at driving and finding new routes. Nevertheless, women usually perform better in verbal memory tasks, verbal fluency, articulation speed and artistic expressiveness as their communication-oriented left hemisphere is more developed. ...

• Word Count: 825
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

PEOPLE: FDR - President during WWII Truman - President who decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan Churchill - British Prime Minister Eisenhower - Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied troops in D-Day MacArthur - General who returns to Philippians - Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific Rommel - General in charge of Afrika Korps Hitler - poorly educated Austrian; joined German workers party, became leader, changed name to Nazi; became Dictator of Germany Mussolini - in Fascist Party; declared himself Dictator of Italy Tojo - Dictator of Japan Stalin - Dictator of USSR F...

• Word Count: 945
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Following the economic whiplash World War II had on all European countries, leaving many with an a completely taxed economy and slow progress for return; An American man by the name of George Marshall penned the Marshall Plan in 1947, otherwise known as ERP (European Recovery Program) which was instated to lend American money to European countries in order to speed along the recovery for many. ... This could not be allowed in light of the region's immense strategic importance to U.S. national security. ...

• Word Count: 1139
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In these hard conditions, ancient builders had faced a lot of difficulties in building Gothic Cathedrals because they wanted to build a church that was much larger than previously built, and had bigger windows to allow more light inside the cathedrals. ... Although compasses and GPS both indicate directions, GPS has much more utility such as calculated speed, bearing, distance, weather and even tracking sunrise and sunset time. ...

• Word Count: 1176
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He generally moves the camera further away from the actors as the violence grows more intense, and shows the sexual scene at several times normal speed, but the effect is not as strong as Burgess' narrative device. ... Considering Kubrick's light treatment of traditionally serious subjects and his added erotic imagery, it is not too presumptuous to assume that even the most desensitized audience might find Kubrick's adaptation much more jolting than the novel upon which it is based. ...

• Word Count: 1090
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The speed of new development is such that training, which is a year old may already be obsolete, and as such companies are looking to hire individuals who have the most up to date expertise. ... Education is truly the movement from darkness to light, containing insurmountable power that cannot be measured today, but tomorrow. ...

• Word Count: 1010
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These user friendly pieces of equipment are all illuminated green to provide the maximum visual acuity at all levels of light all while allowing "unwanted symbols to be removed from view by an anti-clutter feature" (Interavia, Jan/Feb 1997,p.32). ... When visibility is poor, pilots are forced to rely on six different instruments that give data about speed, direction, how fast they"re ascending or descending and altitude. ...

• Word Count: 971
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate