Few psychoanalytic concepts have been used as widely as the concept of instinct for explaining abnormal development. Under this orientation, obesity and other eating disorders are conceived of as resulting from disturbances during the oral phase. Yet the concept of instinct has been widely debated. Freud himself proposed many theoretical formulations and remained critical of all his efforts to formulate a fixed theory of instinct. A definite progression can be recognized in his concept of the instinctual drives, represented in the id, from the reflex arc scheme of a self-contained closed syst...

• Word Count: 5083
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

ABSTRACT Background: The global increase in the incidence and prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become a major concern of the public health. The growth of cases of T2DM has attained an epidemic number, and the epidemic is anticipated to maintain its rise. The global incidence of T2DM has been predicted to rise up to 438 million by the year 2030. Considering the effect of the disease on affected individuals' quality of life (QOL) and its economic problem it is significant to implement programs to prevent this disease. ...

• Word Count: 8354
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate