In an attempt to take control of the situation, the government gave de facto recognition to Solidarity, and Interior Minister Kiszczak began talks with Lech Walesa on August 31. ... The remaining one-third of the seats in the Sejm and all those in the Senate were freely contested; virtually all of these were won by candidates supported by Solidarity. ... The roundtable agreement called for a communist president, and on July 19, the National Assembly, with the support of some Solidarity deputies, elected General Jaruzelski to that office. ... On August 19, President Jaruzelski asked journalis...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Solidarity, an anti-Communist trade union and social movement, had forced Poland's Communist government to recognize it in 1980 through a wave of strikes that gained international attention. In 1981, Poland's Communist authorities, under pressure from Moscow, declared martial law, arrested Solidarity's leaders, and banned the democratic trade union. The ban did not bring an end to Solidarity. ... In Poland, the Communists entered into round-table talks with a reinvigorated Solidarity. As a result, Poland held its first competitive elections since before World War II, and in 198...

• Word Count: 2359
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Solidarity and Saudis were the major two of them, aspired to become the "co-ordinating centre" of a new reign-wide anti-Communist alliance. ... In 1990, Solidarity settled a hundred-day moratorium in Lithuanians to declare independence (Pravda). ... Congress granted Solidarity 1 million dollar to support their anti-communism activities (Paczkowski). On August 24, 1990, supported by Solidarity, Tadeusz Mazowiecki became the first non-communist Prime Minister in Eastern Europe. ...

• Word Count: 1863
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

How did the shifts in relations between the superpowers in the 1970s and the 1980s affect Europe? Since the explosion of the first Soviet nuclear bomb in 1949 and the Hydrogen bomb in 1953, both the East and West had been tied in an arms race attempting to secure a military advantage over the ot...

• Word Count: 1917
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In addition, Huntington cites the Arab and Muslim nations as withdrawing from 'the coalition', but the response of the Muslim world was confined to sentiment and posturing, although there were public expressions of solidarity with Muslims reported internationally in the media. ...

• Word Count: 1840
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate