The revolutions of 1789 and 1830 made the French capital a natural place to develop his theory on class struggles. It was here that Marx could observe a revolution by the working class against an oppressive elite group. ... After the Manifesto appeared, revolutions occurred in France and Germany, and the Belgian government, fearful of a revolution there, banished Marx. ... His ideas and theories came to be known as Marxism, or scientific socialism, which constitutes one of the principals of contemporary political thought. ... Many feel that Marx had got it wrong by predicting eminent revol...

• Word Count: 1492
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Socialism requires a revolution with three main stages: firstly, the emergence of a workers' movement committed to socialist revolution, secondly the achievement of political power and the expropriation of the capitalists and thirdly a period during which workers learn how to be owners and rulers and cast off the psychological and ideological dross of the past. ... The revisionists sinned, in the scientific sense, by superficial generalizations based on facts selected one-sidedly and without reference to the system of capitalism as a whole. ... The Fabian movement was very much a scient...

• Word Count: 1723
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The feeling of estrangement among the people increased considerably with the further development of the Industrial Revolution, the collectivization tied to a machine age and the gradual but definite depersonalization of man. Marx developed the idea that a scientific socialism is needed to counter the alienation of the capitalistic society. ... Instead of seeing scientific knowledge as the means of human redemption, he regarded it as the greatest obstacle to redemption. ... But Kierkegaard's call is not for outward revolution, like Marx: "Workers of the world unite!", but for inward revolu...

• Word Count: 1488
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Through showing the exploitation and class division that occurs in a capitalist market, Marx notes that this type of inequality can only lead to a revolution, which in this case would bring about communism (Marx & Engels, 2002). ...

• Word Count: 2958
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Lenin believed that an outside force was needed to guide the working class into revolution. ... Lenin wrote: "To the question, "What would the party of the proletariat do if the revolution placed it in power in the present war?" ... He did not believe it necessary for the Bolsheviks to be the catalyst of an international revolution. ... Through this work Stalin presents socialism as a scientific development began by Marx, and continued by Lenin and himself. ... Lenin believed that after the revolution a classless society would come into being and the remnants of the state would wither away...

• Word Count: 1728
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

From 1845 to 1847, Engels lived in Brussels and Paris, combining scientific work with practical activities among German workers in Brussels and Paris. ... During the Revolution of 1848, both men more than expounded the main principles of the kind of socialism they desired, by publishing their own newspaper called Neue Rheinische Zeitung. They used the Revolution that was taking place as an opportunity to "demonstrate their flexibility as revolutionary tacticians with the aim of turning the revolution into a communist victory- (Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 6 pg. 124). With Marx as chief e...

• Word Count: 2224
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The dialogue being a method of scientific investigation leading to truth by analysis. ... Once the people have reached a decision there will be a revolution, it may be peaceful, but it is not required to be so. ... So the thinking went that the revolution to communism could be done anywhere at any time, entirely contradictory to Marx's theory. ...

• Word Count: 1470
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Communist Manifesto begins with Marx's generalization that " history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." (Howard: 10) Marx describes the classes in terms of binary oppositions, with one party as oppressor, the other as oppressed. The complex and multi-member clas...

• Word Count: 932
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For the Marxist-Leninists, the struggle for general-democratic reforms is at the same time a struggle to prepare the socialist revolution. ... Contrary to these illusions, Marxism-Leninism states that the transition to socialism is effected by a social revolution as Lenin proved the objective need for such revolutionary and reformist directives and programmes (Zagladin V.V. 1973:137-138). ...

• Word Count: 3485
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Stating the origin of their rise, the Industrial Revolution. ... This new sense of achievement created by the industrial revolution allowed them to believe that they had made it, they achieve the American dream. ... From "Scientific America" Ewen quotes, "Factory industrialism as producing the accoutrements of a 'democracy,' one 'which invites every man to enhance his own comfort and status'" (187). ... Ewen criticizes the materialistic middle class in his essay "Chosen People" by identifying how the industrial revolution initiated this new...

• Word Count: 1447
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Wilson declared: "We are redefining and we are restating our [new] socialism in the terms of the scientific revolution the Britain that is going to be forged in the white heat of this revolution will be no place for restrictive practices or outdated methods on either side of industry" (May P 437). ...

• Word Count: 2076
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Developments Caused by Liberalism in the Rise of Socialism Early theories of the Enlightment philosophy formed an underlying theme through the history of liberalism and the development of socialism. However often contradicted through our own human err of bias perception, the works of great thin...

• Word Count: 3737
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Is it true to say that Marx and Engels had no systematic theory of international relations? To answer that question first of all, it would be useful to define the theory itself. According to the dictionary theory is a supposition to account for something, system of rules and principles; however ...

• Word Count: 1247
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Marxism, or scientific socialism is the name given to the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that provides the theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to reach the higher form of human society, which is socialism. ...

• Word Count: 1800
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Capitalism is defined as an economic "system of wage-labour and commodity production for sale, exchange, and profit, rather than for the immediate need of the producers" (Marshall, 1998: 53). As observed by Karl Marx, capitalism transformed a small proportion of a society's population into capitalists, or those who own the factories and industrial businesses, while the larger proportion of the population became wage labourers, a grouping which Marx called the proletariats. These workers gain the wages needed to live through the sale of their labour to capitalists in the capitalistic ind...

• Word Count: 3173
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

IS THE CONCEPT OF CLASS WAR STILL VALID? 'Social stratification' is the term used to describe systematic structures of inequality. In pre-industrial or traditional societies, inequalities and thus social stratification were widely held to be natural. Aristotle stated that 'by nature' there were fre...

• Word Count: 3162
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate