An ultimatum was issued to Serbia stating that it must agree to all terms described in the ultimatum in order to avoid war. Austria-Hungary gave Serbia 48 hours to reply and clearly stated that all terms must be met and complied with. Serbia agreed to all terms of the ultimatum bar one. ... In the early part of the twentieth century, militarism was as prominent as ever, with the recent industrial revolution being the main factor. ... The Russians refused Germany's demand and the Kaiser declared war on Russia and France. ...

• Word Count: 1859
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Lenin's N.E.P had bought some advances to Russia but the Soviet Union was still very backwards in comparison to the rest of Europe. ... The principle of socialism was that of a party of the proletariat or the working classes and in 1928 Russia did not have a very large proletariat because most people worked in agriculture. ... The proletariat was seen as the backbone of the revolution and so to continue the revolution the proletariat had to be increased. ... These concerned were expressed at both high and low levels and the five-year plans were seen as both a revolution from above and a r...

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The most popular view on the origins of the Cold War would be considered to lay in the policies of the World War II, others would say that the mistrust between the two started with the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and communists gaining power. ... The Bolsheviks seize power in the "October" Revolution in 1917. ... Therefore, we could argue that the US primarily and the West as a whole were very suspicious and sometimes paranoid about Russia as soon as it has overthrew its Tsar, made a revolution and became a Soviet Union. ... Therefore, the Bolsheviks sign a separate peace treaty with ...

• Word Count: 1778
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead, the young Stalin became a devoted advocate for Marxist revolution. ... (Siberian exile, in Tsarist Russia, was notoriously easy to escape from.) ... In 1917, the Russian Revolution toppled the Tsarist government. ... This brief swell of dissent only shows how egregiously people still misunderstood the nature of Stalin's rule. ... This was followed, in January of 1935, by the arrest of Zinoviev and Kamenev themselves, along with a number of their allies; they would be tried in secret, accused of having "inspired" Kirov's assassination, and given long jail terms. ...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Conflict and mistrust between the West and the Soviet Union is possible to trace as far back as 1917 when the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to the creation of the world's first communist state. ... The official ideology of the USSR stated the inevitability of conflict with western capitalist states and class struggle would lead to a world revolution. ... (Berlin would be in the Russian zone). ... It was agreed that Russia should get Polish territory east of the Curzon line, land taken from Bolshevik Russia in 1921). ... These terms recognized the government that Soviet occupants...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Truman barely saw President Roosevelt, and received no briefing on the development of the atomic bomb or the unfolding difficulties with Soviet Russia. ... The American people would not of been able to trust a man who regretted or second-guessed his actions in a time of crisis. ... The overreaction to possibility of Soviet danger only fueled the fire of the rising Cold War and the rising fears the west believed about Russia. ... That all started to change with Rhee, a person who traveled abroad for forty years and spoke English fluently, knew what he wanted to do in terms of unity; which wa...

• Word Count: 2478
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

McNeill, Herbert Feis, and Thomas Bailey blamed the start of the Cold War on the USSR's resolution to pursue a path of expanding the ideas of communism and a essentially wanting a socialist revolution come alive throughout Eastern Europe and eventually the world. ... His conclusion was that "the main element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. ... Given the innate hostility of the Soviet Union and settled upon a policy of "containing "Russian expansionism." ... The US Gov...

• Word Count: 1800
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Russia is in temporary decline. ... In just over two decades from its inception, the foreign policy of the Peoples Republic of China swung from formal alliance with the Soviet Union against the US, to de facto alliance with the US against the Soviet Union . ... The foreign policy objectives of a communist China however are not purely national in spirit, because Mao firmly believed in the ideological superiority of communism and claimed for China the role of leadership in the drive to world revolution. ... Mao and his followers set out to build a society that was to be organised for the benefit...

• Word Count: 1650
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The principle of self-determination according to some scholars represents the obligation to an individual's autonomy "So long as any change is peaceful and orderly, consistent with standard liberals rights and does not involve any unjust taking of territory or unfair terms of separation. " On the other hand, collective force theory constitutes of a coalition of parties within one organization. ... The distinction between power over people and power over territory is a useful one to make, for it singles out two aspects of sovereignty that are best addressed separately: disputes involving...

• Word Count: 2503
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The principle of self-determination according to some scholars represents the obligation to an individual's autonomy "So long as any change is peaceful and orderly, consistent with standard liberals rights and does not involve any unjust taking of territory or unfair terms of separation. " On the other hand, collective force theory constitutes of a coalition of parties within one organization. ... The distinction between power over people and power over territory is a useful one to make, for it singles out two aspects of sovereignty that are best addressed separately: disputes involving...

• Word Count: 2503
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The national aspirations of many European peoples nations without states, peoples arbitrarily assigned to political entities with little regard for custom or culture had been crushed after World War I. ... However, the nationalism of Fascists did more than stress the authority of the state and insist that people exist for its benefit, it tended towards an ultra or chauvinistic nationalism. ... Terrorists acts carried out by Communists and the emergence of a Communist state in Russia, ensured that Fascist parties grew up throughout Europe in opposition to Communism. These parties gained they su...

• Word Count: 1866
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One of Hitler's main aim's was to overturn the Treaty of Versailles, he saw this as an embarrassment to his country, underlining the concept of the November criminals and appealing to the nationalistic sentiments of his people in his desire to make Germany great. ... Such nationalism is illustrated throiugh the ideas that Hitler promoted to his people, that of the evils of Semitism and communism as well as the idea of the superiority of the Aryan race. ... In his attempt to overturn the Treaty of Versailles Hitler blatantly disobeyed its terms by the re-militarising of Germany, on...

• Word Count: 2024
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Though often regarded as the people's emperor, Hirohito has proven to be less of a leader in times of war and more of a bystander at the mercy of his underlings. ... The army was then to seize control of Tokyo with a display of unification for the revolution. ...

• Word Count: 5382
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Historically, Huntington describes the transition from "the Peace of Westphalia" (Huntington, 1993) to the French Revolution, quoting R. ... Palmer from 1793 along the way, when he said 'The wars of kings were over; the wars of peoples had begun', then quickly moved to how the Russian Revolution and World War I "yielded a conflict of ideologies" (Huntington, 1993). ... Religion 'sharply' divides people in ways citizenship does not. ... Whether the sweeping generalizations of Huntington's theory about civilizations are justified or not, when the f...

• Word Count: 1840
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Since the industrial revolution in England almost a century earlier, Eastern Europe had essentially been an economic colony of the West (Western Europe and the United States). ... Poland was unquestionably of the greatest concern to the Soviets, as it had been used as a launching pad for the invasion of Russia during both World Wars. ... This resulted in 25,000,000 citizens being deprived of shelter during the harsh Russian winter. ... The Russian population was left starving, as an immense amount of damage was done to the Soviet Unions agricultural capabilities: 98,000 collective farms and 2,...

• Word Count: 5160
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"From almost every point of view, economically and militarily, in absolute and in relative terms, the USSR under Brezhnev was much more powerful than it had been under Stalin... "(2) Brezhnev believed that eventually, the capitalist West would experience revolution and would turn towards their socialist brothers for support. ... Allen Lynch writes: The strong ideological tone adopted by the Reagan administration in 1981, together with its downgrading of arms control, eventually shattered a strong consensus in Moscow that there were strict limits to hostility intrinsic to the Soviet-American ...

• Word Count: 3267
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate