He shaped a series of alliances and counter-alliances; one of the most important was with Russia. ... Bismarck negotiated the exceptional Austria-Hungary alliance of 1879 which was "the first formal alliance between two Great Powers concluded in peace-time since the outbreak of the French revolution and the end of the ancien régime set a rigid pattern which shaped international relations until the First World War." (2) Bismarck then negotiated the Three Emperor's Alliance (Austria, Germany, and Russia) in 1881. ... When the Three Emperor's Alliance broke down, Bismarck negoti...

• Word Count: 765
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

An example of a specific foreign policy of Bismarck's was to have good relations with Russia and Austria. Russia could have been allied with France, which had become heavily weakened due to its loss in the recent war. ... By creating peace with these groups, Bismarck had managed to prevent any revolutions from breaking out. ... This favored the liberal middle class and minimized their ideas for a revolution. ... Metternich created the Holy Alliance that was between Prussia, Russia, Austria, and France. ...

• Word Count: 838
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

An example of a specific foreign policy of Bismarck's was to have good relations with Russia and Austria. Russia could have been allied with France, which had become heavily weakened due to its loss in the recent war. ... By creating peace with these groups, Bismarck had managed to prevent any revolutions from breaking out. ... This favored the liberal middle class and minimized their ideas for a revolution. ... Metternich created the Holy Alliance that was between Prussia, Russia, Austria, and France. ...

• Word Count: 837
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Zedong and Stalin led the communists in China and Russia. ... The chaos which followed WWI allowed totalitarian governments to be founded in Russia, Italy, and Germany. In the case of 1984, totalitarianism is established after a revolution occurs. ... The dictators normally do not allow citizens to possess weapons so that, in case of a revolution, the government can quietly and easily put it down. ... There have been many totalitarian states throughout the course of history including Germany, Italy, Russia, and China. ...

• Word Count: 1139
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Italy and Germany had been unified not many decades earlier, Britain was enjoying the beneficial effects of an Industrial Revolution, and France was angry and thirsty for revenge over the loss of Alsace-Lorraine. ... The Moroccan crisis between France and Germany proved to be one "testing ground" for French allies Britain and Russia. ... Russia opposed this move, due to it's Serbian alliance after the Bosnian Crisis, resulting in Germany entering a war with Russia, and shortly thereafter with France, Russia's ally. ...

• Word Count: 621
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The word terrorism was first used in France to describe a new system of government adopted during the French Revolution (1789-1799). The regime de la terreur (Reign of Terror) was intended to promote democracy and popular rule by ridding the revolution of its enemies and thereby purifying it. ... It wasn't until the late 19th century that the word gained wider popularity when it was used by a group of Russian revolutionaries. ... Until the French Revolution (1789-1799), religion provided the main justification for the use of terrorism. ...

• Word Count: 419
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Conflict and mistrust between the West and the Soviet Union is possible to trace as far back as 1917 when the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to the creation of the world's first communist state. ... The official ideology of the USSR stated the inevitability of conflict with western capitalist states and class struggle would lead to a world revolution. ... Germany had invaded Russia twice this century and should not be allowed to recover. ... (Berlin would be in the Russian zone). ... It was agreed that Russia should get Polish territory east of the Curzon line, land taken from Bolsh...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Considering these tensions of division, it illustrates the 'historical individuality' that various nation states had acquired, including Russia, Germany, England and France, thus the difficulty in any chances of unification as a European empire. ... Considering revolutions were taking place throughout Europe, it accounted for further tensions – Already the revolutions in Spain, the Two Sicilies and Greece in 1820-21, and later in the 1830's and 1840's claims for German and somewhat later Italian unification challenged the principles laid down in Vienna. ... Thus t...

• Word Count: 2483
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The results of this revolution would completely change the way humans acted. ... Later in 1756 fredrick attacked saxony which was a Allie with Russia. ... "The Industrial Revolution was another of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization.... The Industrial Revolution began about a century later in Germany than it did in England. "The industrial revolution didn't happen overnight but only spread over the continent very gradually....

• Word Count: 1598
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In revolution, there is a rapid and fundamental change of both the state and class structure (Danziger, 2001,269). Therefore, in revolutions, it would be hard to reallocate the wealth and establish democracy without such violence (Apter,1996,3). Humanity witnessed this in the English, French, and American revolutions. ... Sederberg mentions the tragic choices and tragic outcomes, whether the violence occurs for a revolution or not. He is more skeptical about the issue of the American Revolution. ...

• Word Count: 2324
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The balance of power of European states changed from 1848 to 1914 because of revolutions and certain unifications. ... The unification of Germany started with the Austro-Prussian War in which the German states were in a political stalemate as Austria and Russia blocked Prussian king Frederick William IV's attempt to unify Germany. ... The Revolutions of 1848 were the product of mounting social and political tensions after the Congress of Vienna and pushing the Austrian Empire further away from Enlightenment ideas. ... Tension came when Catholicism and other organized religions created mor...

• Word Count: 1851
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Fascism was forged in the crucible of post-World War I nationalism in Europe. The national aspirations of many European peoples nations without states, peoples arbitrarily assigned to political entities with little regard for custom or culture had been crushed after World War I. The humiliation impo...

• Word Count: 1866
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Opposition to the war continued to grow as a consequence of not only the decline in living standrads but also as a result of a number of political demands put forward due to the Russian Revolution, as well a decline in the level of real wages. ...

• Word Count: 1317
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Bismarck's Domestic Policy 1871-1890. Along with getting an IB Paper 3 question about Biz's foreign policy, you might also (instead?) encounter a question about the domestic policy that Biz pursued as Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871-1890. So let's deal with that now. OK? ...

• Word Count: 10254
• Approx Pages: 41
• Grade Level: Undergraduate