The Mujahedeen, consisting of a variety of Muslim guerrilla fighters, declared jihad, or holy war, on the Amin government and its supporters. ... Amin started to disagree with Russia on the idea of a total communist government, and began talks with the west. ... In his place, the Soviet Union put a man named Babrak Karmal in charge of the Afghan government. His job, and his life depended on the fact that he had to keep Soviet Ideals in place, and that he allow the Russian military to support him and his government. ... It also left the Afghan government toppled, leaving the Mujahedeen, who lat...

• Word Count: 946
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the mid of 90's Wladimir Putin former KGB officer begun expand own sphere of influences in Russia cooperated with Yeltsin government. ... The purpose here has simply been to determine whether Russian and Western observers and officials are justified in arguing that the U.S. government, and perhaps some of the other NATO governments, made a ' 'pledge'' to Gorbachev in 1990 that if the USSR consented to Germany's full membership in NATO after unification, the alliance would not expand to include any other East European countries. ... By surrounding Russia with m...

• Word Count: 2773
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The maneuvering of the Austrian government during the crisis compels me to place a large portion of the blame on Austria-Hungary for the outbreak of WW I. Austria-Hungary naturally harbored a fear of Russia and seemed to operate under the expectation that a Russian clash was as inevitable as a Serbian clash. ... For Russia, it was a simple matter of backing/protecting their ally, Serbia. ... ssumed the posture of war on behalf of Serbia while the Serbian government sought diplomatic solutions to the tensions. ... Likewise, if the Kaiser set his sights on France, Russia could mobilize in...

• Word Count: 1352
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The end of the WW2, saw Russia and America emerging as the two strongest allied nations. ... On one side, Stalin sought to spread his influence in Eastern Europe by setting up pro-Russian governments in these states while America, feared for their power and domination over the world and attempted to "contain" communism. ... By 1948, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania and Yugoslavia all had Communist governments. ... In Yalta, it was agreed that Russia would be allowed to set up a government of their choice in Eastern Europe. However, Truman was far more suspicious of ...

• Word Count: 816
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This growing assertiveness has led the international community to believe that Russia will no longer adhere to its liberal norms. ... To safeguard its own interests, Russia resorted to military action to prevent an unfavorable balance of power. ... Following Georgia's defeat in 2008, Russian forces forced a settlement, that undermined its potential to threaten its interests. Crimea's annexation guaranteed Russia's control over Sevastopol, while denying NATO its use as the new government would have otherwise revoked its rights. ... Moscow considers this a grave threat given its ...

• Word Count: 544
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Russia was a protector of the Slavs with interests in the Balkans and it was intimidated by the Austrians, so Russia declared full mobilization of its troops on 30 July 1914. Consequently, Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August and on 3 August on France. ... The recovery of Alsace and Lorraine, which the French government regarded as essential, was not fully supported by Britain because of uncertainly about weather the inhabitants wished to be French or German. ... Russia's peasant conscripts were loath to leave their villages. Successive British governments refused to risk votes by i...

• Word Count: 1894
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Nietzsche's idea of the "ubermensch" gave rise to a number of notions concerning the superiority of certain races over others and strengthened the argument for eugenics, where society or the government should intervene to assure the procreation of the strong in order to produce the "superman." ... The fundamental motive behind this Pan-Slavism was to unite all the Serb peoples under one government. ... Russia was also heavily involved in the Pan-Slavic movement, and encouraged Serbia in its efforts by offering its support. Russia was also interested in maintaining a Slavic presence in the...

• Word Count: 5871
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

No other nation could have the attrition rate afforded to Russia by its vast population. ... Weather On October 2nd 1941 German troops marched on Moscow, with only 90,000 Russian soldiers defending the capital, the government was preparing to evacuate. ... Believing they would quickly topple Russia, the Wehrmacht had not prepared for Winter. ... Economy The Russian war effort was a "tremendous economic and organizational achievement." ... Economically, lend-lease was "Russia's life-saver." ...

• Word Count: 2415
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In Stalin's Russia, his regime of totalitarianism controlled every aspect of Russian society. ... In fact, no Russian citizen could leave the country without special government permission. ... His metaphor shows how the new German government took control of every aspect of German society, similar to Stalin's regime in Russia. ... The government created the National Labor Front, which banned strikes and placed smaller Fuhrers in charge of factories. ... In Russia, Stalin's Five Year Plans created temporary discomfort among the Russian people. ...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As the Serbians denied this request, it is believed by some historians that the young operatives sent to kill Ferdinand were not only nationalistic students but also as scapegoats used by the Serbian government to carry out their dirty work. ... The other alliance: The Triple Entente, was made up of Great Britain, France and Russia. ... The Triple Entente was completed when Russia joined in 1907. ... Russia responded to this attack by partially mobilising and going to war against Austria-Hungary in order to protect their Slavic relatives, which was followed by Germany's demand tha...

• Word Count: 1859
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Germany had invaded Russia twice this century and should not be allowed to recover. ... (Berlin would be in the Russian zone). ... It was agreed that Russia should get Polish territory east of the Curzon line, land taken from Bolshevik Russia in 1921). ... As the Russians pushed the Germans out of Poland they backed the establishment of a communist government in Lublin, even though there was a Polish government-in-exile in London. ... This new government should then be called the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity- (15). ...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This possible ABM system has Russia in an uproar. There are definite fears throughout the Russian government if the U.S. builds this ABM system. ... This is a valid fear among Russian officials. ... Russia would then launch in retaliation to the attack. ... The Russian government quickly shot this down, as they could not compete technically or monetarily with the United States. ...

• Word Count: 2631
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The American government was created on righteous morals created out of the ashes of governments of the past that had failed such as, Romans, the Greeks, and the Egyptians. ... Since humans created this supposedly perfect government, and run it, then how can those just morals be applied? ... Kennan's public debate about halting the growing expansion of the very powerful and newly Communist Russia. ... With this argument stated and Russia feeling threatened because they know how the United States does business, it set off a whole line of explosions (not the destructive kind usually seen in ...

• Word Count: 1826
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead, communist governments were established in all those countries, noncommunist political parties were suppressed, and genuinely democratic elections were never held. ... Neither leader had suspected that Stalin intended that all Popular Front governments in Europe would be taken over by communists. ... Churchill and Roosevelt had both agreed that they would work for the establishment of a new Polish government that represented the Polish people. ... He insisted on the communist dominated Polish Committee of National Liberation that had proclaimed itself the "provisional government of ...

• Word Count: 2338
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The government contained him only once; his last exile in 1913 lasted until 1917. ... Until the last years of the czarist Russia, Stalin was more an up-and -coming follower than a leader. ... Petersburg) upon hearing that the February Revolution had brought about the abdication of the Tsar and the installation of the Provincial Government. ... Stalin argued strongly for the continuation of the war and for cooperation with the Provisional Government. ... On November 15, Stalin revealed the Decree on Nationality, which stated that the new Bolshevik government would treat all ethnic minorities...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, I should mention that the US government could not simply accept the fact that a country could exist with economic and political principles so critically opposed to democracy and industrial capitalism. ... Under the new Government Russia wants to withdraw from the World War I that they were involved in at that time. ... An angry Khrushchev said in Los Angeles in 1959: "Never have any of our soldiers been on American soil, but your soldiers were on Russian soil." ... He wanted to build up Russian control of the Eastern Europe that was seen by the west as an act of aggression. ... Hist...

• Word Count: 1778
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, Serbia had long had Slavic ties with Russia. And Russia felt obligated to help their Slavic Brothers. The Austro-Hungarian government expected assistance from their ally, Germany, which they would come to their aid if the unthinkable happened and Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary. ... Germany, allied to Austria-Hungary by treaty, viewed the Russian mobilization as an act of war against Austria-Hungary, and after a warning, declared war on Russia on August 1st. France, bound by treaty to Russia, responded by announcing war against Germany and, by extension, on Austria-Hungary on...

• Word Count: 706
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Joseph was born December 21 1879 in Gori, Georgia, Russia. ... Joseph spoke only Georgian until he was 8, when he learned to speak Russian. ... Joseph finally got the chance to meet Lenin in 1905 at a conference in Finland Lenin noticed that Stalin was very dedicated and loyal to Lenin's cause so Lenin appointed Joseph to work for his cause by raising money for the Bolsheviks by any means necessary this involved robbing banks and government money. ... The grim time that Stalin's advisors advised him about came about in June of 1941 , Hitler's armies swept across the mothe...

• Word Count: 1072
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Siberian exile, in Tsarist Russia, was notoriously easy to escape from.) ... In 1917, the Russian Revolution toppled the Tsarist government. From March until November of that year, Russia was ruled by a Provisional Government, which made plans for a democratically elected assembly. ... The new government, led by Lenin, made peace with the Germans and undertook a bloody, three-year civil war, in which Stalin commanded on several fronts. ... After Germany fell, he used Red Army troops to forcibly install Communist governments in Eastern Europe and further his country's interests around the...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(from Aluminum Company of America) is the world's third largest producer of aluminum, behind Rio Tinto Alcan and Russia's Rusal, with corporate headquarters in New York City. ... The end to monopoly power of Alcoa came after World War 2 (1945), when Alcoa was not allowed to purchase government financed world war built during the war. ... It was during the early 1990's when Russia's internal demand by its military and industrial complex vanished after the collapse of communism. Russia had a sharp increase in the exports of aluminum which led to oversupply in the ma...

• Word Count: 694
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thus states would not respect their political obligations unless the fear of punishment is present, the need for states to have power, economic and military, is necessary to bind governments to upholding treaties, international laws, and alliances. ... One such state was Cuba, which became an ally of Russia. ... Eventually the U.S. and Russia approach the threshold of nuclear war over the installation of nuclear weapons in Cuba. ... The U.S. government also promised if one of the U-2 spy planes were fired upon orders would be give for an attack on the Cuban SAM missile sites. ... While the ...

• Word Count: 1392
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1921, the League established the first high commissioner for refugees under the guardianship of Fridtjof Nansen to deal first with the Russian refugees in .A passport was established for the first time for these refugees. ... These revolutionary style governments were seen in countries like France, Germany, Poland and Russia. ... But also before then, the war between Russia and Poland did not help as the dismemberment of Russian empire and the associated famine of 1921 many refugees fled to mostly France and Germany .others who could not make it to these two countries ran to Asia minor...

• Word Count: 4488
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For this, the United States government and the American citizens demand no less than the ultimate penalty for their deliberate crimes. ... The Rosenberg's were committed to the overthrow of our democratic government. ... The nature of Russian terrorism is now self-evident." ... The Rosenberg's conduct in putting into the hand of the Russians the atomic bomb years before our best scientists predicted! Russia would perfect the bomb caused the Communist aggression in Korea, resulting in over 50,000 causalities and many more to follow. ...

• Word Count: 633
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This second front was important for Stalin, as it would help to take the pressure off the Russians on the Eastern Front. ... This had frustrated Stalin as he was hoping the German troops to be withdrawn from the Russian Front leading up to more tensions arising. ... America and Russia built up their stockpiles of nuclear weapons where power became dependent upon the ability to outspend each other. The development of various bombs particularly the B52 bomber produced by the US, required massive financial backing from the government. Russia also concentrated on producing bigger bombs making the ...

• Word Count: 885
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In Britain, the government released DORA - the Defence of the Realm Act, which granted the government wide powers including the control of railways and shipping. ... The Ministry of Munitions, as established by the British government in 1915, assumed control over industry in order to do so. ... The government also used propoganda to encourage women to take an active role in the war effort. ... Opposition to the war continued to grow as a consequence of not only the decline in living standrads but also as a result of a number of political demands put forward due to the Russian Revolution, as ...

• Word Count: 1317
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate