Plato was a rationalist, which means his ideas did not come from observation but from the rational ideas that were occurring within his mind. ... The first cause is the Material Cause, which is literally the physical components of which something is made; the second cause is the Efficient Cause, which is the method by which something is brought into existence; the Third cause is the Formal Cause, which is the expression of what something actually is, and the fourth cause is the Final Cause, which is essentially the purpose for which something exists. ...

• Word Count: 660
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Third argument: (1) Nature does nothing pointlessly. (2) A human being is the only animal with rational discourse, logon. (3) Rational discourse is for making clear what is expedient or harmful, and hence what is just or unjust. (4) It is community in good and evil, and just and unjust, that produces a household and a city. (5) Therefore, a human being is by nature a political animal. ... Aristotle thus thinks of a city as a form of human community constituted by a system of laws which embody a conception of what is just and what is unjust; only in such a community can human beings develop and...

• Word Count: 1587
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They began to be analysed in more scientific ways as philosophers like Aristotle sought to find more rational theories for the origins and roles of dreaming. ... Dreams, for Jung, were seen as the natural expression of the dreamer's mental world. ...

• Word Count: 1099
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate