The various treaties thus "provided the framework within which the diplomacy of the pre-war years was conducted." Thirdly, Joll analyzed pre-war militarism and strategic planning. ... All major powers had anticipated war, and the pre-war planning, such as the Schlieffen Plan, exacerbated everything. ... Mommsen concludes his article implying that German aims can be found from a detailed political, social and constitutional study of pre-war Germany. ... Michael Gordon joined the causal debate with his article "Domestic Conflict and the Origins of the First World War," in which he compared pre-w...

• Word Count: 4114
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Throughout the period of 1917 to 1941 the majority of the many changes in soviet foreign policy were not results of pre-determined ideology, but rather a pragmatism that resulted from the varying situations. ... The Spanish civil war caused uncertainties for the Soviet Union as they were unable to fully support the rebelling socialists due to their foreign policy and the necessity of an alliance with the British. ... Throughout the Period of 1917 to 1942 Soviet Foreign Policy changed its direction many times, however the incentive to do so was continually the result of practically and pragmati...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The "technological retardist" theories are strongest in considering the erosion of "King Cotton` s" pre eminence, due in part to America` s competition and, the critics suggest, the British cotton manager` s lack of judgement. ... Britain `s pre-eminence in production and consumption of iron and steel ended by 1880, when production was surpassed most notably Germany & USA. ... Dintenfass , however sees the slow uptake in iron and steel as symptomatic of a wider ranging British attitude.(4) "The British iron & steel industry failed to exploit new appliances and production methods as extensi...

• Word Count: 3250
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate