This universe would be someone else's virtual reality; physics would be the rules set on this universe for order, and we would be the system's artificial intelligence. ... No one can be certain, unless someone appears on this dimension and frees mankind from what may be eternal illusion, or until we find a "loophole" or a "bug" probably in a form of something that will defy every known law of physics, then the Hypothesis of Universal Unreality would be proven true. ...

• Word Count: 791
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In order to recognize that human consciousness possesses free will (without further scientific discovery) one would have to make the claim that consciousness is immaterial and is therefore outside of the laws of Newtonian physics that seemingly determine all material occurrences. ...

• Word Count: 678
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With this in mind, Descartes deduces that the reliability of mathematics can no longer be doubted because God guarantees the truth of all self-evident ideas, but ones that can be calculated through mathematical physics. ...

• Word Count: 1700
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Materialism In Western civilization, materialism is the oldest philosophical tradition. It reached its full classical form in the atomism of Democritus and Epicurus in the 4th century BCE. Epicurus argued that reality consisted of invisible and indivisible particles of free-falling matter call...

• Word Count: 1640
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Theism's philosophical self-defenses stand in relation to a potential attack. A country has coastlines, and if the government has reasons to think of an attack, it will deploy armies or defensive systems in readiness to defend its territory. That image serves as a metaphor in the philosophical defen...

• Word Count: 1965
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate