This means that it is based off the persons physical characteristics. ... In Lombroso's early books on positivism crime, he states that criminals represent a peculiar physical type distinctively from that of noncriminals. ... For example, he thought that ears of an unusual size, sloping foreheads, excessively long arms, etc, were indicative of physical characteristics found among criminals. ... He figured out that insane criminals had some of the characteristics of born criminals, but were not "born"" criminals. ... "Criminaloids"" had none of the physical characteristics of the born cri...

• Word Count: 991
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He called the "born Criminal" a being that was predestined for criminal behavior due to his physical configuration. ... Another point the school made was that there were four classes of criminals: born (atavists), insane, occasional (criminaloids-with some atavistic characteristics and some environmental factors) and passion. ... The "born criminal" was easily identified by certain characteristics known as "stigmata". ... He measured the physical characteristics of each person, such as weight, height, nose height, ear length and head height. ... The results of Hootens studies led him to belie...

• Word Count: 1589
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is direct discrimination which occurs when one is treated worse than another based on a certain characteristic that one of them holds, for example, a Hispanic man being searched for procession of drugs with no other reason other than then that he is Hispanic. Associative discrimination which occurs when one is treated worse because they are associated with someone who has a certain characteristic such as a gang member. Perceptive discrimination, which occurs when someone believes that one, has a certain characteristic regardless of them having it or not, for example indirect discriminati...

• Word Count: 812
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Physical traits that are inherited such as facial features, body types, skull shapes are considered to be the most significant causes of crime (p.81). Since the eighteenth century, biologists and anthropologists identified physical abnormalities that were used to distinguish criminal offenders from other people. Biological theories of crime causation argue that genetics and heredity can produce biologically-based differences in behavior and that there is a relationship between physical characteristics, bodily features, and criminality. Contemporary biosocial researchers, on the other hand, str...

• Word Count: 1035
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They say that genetically inherited characteristics either directly cause or predispose them towards deviance. ... In his book L"Umo Delinquente (1876) he argues that criminals were throwbacks to an earlier and more primitive form of human being and claimed to have identified a number of genetically determined characteristics which were often found in criminals. ... Eysenk (1977) argues that there is link between genetically based personality characteristics and criminal behaviour. ... Sociologists tend to dismiss biological theories of deviance, arguing that any association between physica...

• Word Count: 2347
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is not much information on Kaczynski's physical characteristics, but from photos taken after his arrest Kaczynski looks disheveled and eccentric - attributes that usually cause people to think one might be involved in suspicious activity. ... As far as physical trauma, Kaczynski was hospitalized as a baby due to some kind of allergic reaction, but it is unclear on what the cause was. ... Half of the theories base criminal behavior on characteristics that a person is born with, and the other half base it on behaviors that are learned and observed from a person's environment. ...

• Word Count: 1051
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The movie Gattaca is all about judging a person from birth based on their genetic code, and not factoring in environmental influences. A baby born without an elite genetic code was already predetermined to never amount to anything. From day one a naturally born child was told it would only be smart ...

• Word Count: 562
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Department of Justice of Canada defines hate crimes as "crimes in which the offender is motivated by a characteristic of the victim that identifies the victim as a member of a group towards which the offender feels some animosity" (Julian V Roberts, 1995). ... Hate crimes are triggered by an individual's or group's race, national or ethnic origin, language, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, mental or physical disability. ... Mitigating factors are what the defence can use to advocate for a lesser charge and include lack of a prior criminal record, culpability o...

• Word Count: 1330
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This criminal class, which he called "Homo Delinquens" displayed external characteristics which betrayed their criminal disposition These features included a narrow sloping brow, a prominent jaw, high cheekbones, large ears and extra nipples, toes and fingers. ... The concept that physical characteristics are related to social behaviour have been traced back to the Greek physician Hippocrates, who designed a group of typologies and physiques and tried to correlate them with character traits. ... It shows that even if a person's physical makeup can make them aggressive or extremely extr...

• Word Count: 2818
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some specific forms result from brain injury due to physical trauma or drug effects. ... In the same way that people inherit genes that control height and eye color, biosocial theorists believe that antisocial behavior characteristics may be inherited (Siegel & Senna, 1991, p.96). ... Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck (1974, p. 2) identified a number of personality characteristics that characterize delinquents:  Self-assertiveness  Defiance  Extroversion  Suspicion  Defiance ...

• Word Count: 1602
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Social Control Theories take a sort of opposite approach from other theories in criminology. They start by asking why most people do not commit crimes rather then why they do commit them. They focus on restraining or controlling factors that are broken or missing inside the personalities of criminal...

• Word Count: 2364
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Additional he noted that there were physical marks and or characteristics that could be an indicator that an individual was atavistic. ... Crime therefore stemmed not from what criminals had in common with others in society, but from their distinct physical of mental defects. ...

• Word Count: 2697
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Offenders, who commit violent rapes in order to satisfy their sexual needs and who cause a huge number of problems, physical and psychological, to their victims, have to be executed. ... For those who stand strongly for capital punishment, life imprisonment without parole would be a satisfactory substitute of death penalty as the criminal, who spend a whole lifetime in prison will be given the chance to regret his/her crime and will continuing hoping to get out of prison even the last moments before his/her physical death. ... A pretty characteristic example is that of the words of a b...

• Word Count: 2029
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It can include unwanted touching, sexual harassment and intimidation, coerced sexual activity, sexual assault and rape and can include other physical violence and threat to life. ... The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) periodically conducts Crime and Safety Surveys which provide information on both reported and unreported crimes as well as socioeconomic characteristics of the victims. ... The survey was the first of its kind in Australia, and measured the nature and extent of physical and sexual violence against women, the actions women took after experiencing violence, and the effect ...

• Word Count: 3415
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the time of the Jim Crow era, the Italian physician and criminologist Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) began to identify patterns of criminality based on the physical appearances of individuals. Lombroso influenced the academic stance on physical appearance being associated with behavior; in this case, criminality (Carmen, 2009, p. 666). ... Despite training to avoid discrimination, officers may still rely on cultural stereotypes and act on their perceptions of a person's characteristics (such as age, race or gender)("Racial Profiling," 2013). ...

• Word Count: 1975
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Sex is dependant on your anatomy and hormones in the body whereas gender is the role in which society has created which describes the characteristics that society believe we should have. ... " He then went on to collect data for male offenders, looking for physical abnormalities such as a third nipple, however, having found little abnormalities on women he finally stated that unlike men, women were not biologically born criminals. ...

• Word Count: 1576
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Deviance And Social Contol The Theory of Differential Association and Gangs Theory is a systematic explanation of a phenomenon; it organizes known facts and allows us to predict new facts, and permits us to exercise a degree of control over the phenomenon. One important theory was first off...

• Word Count: 2167
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate