In the Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes attempts to convey the fascinating illusion of always being in a dream without a certain ability to distinguish what is actually reality or what is a dream, or at bare minimum prove that there are no certain marks to prove otherwise. ... I turned my attention to his famous dream argument originally brought forth in his Mediation on First Philosophy, and will be using different ideologies between a John Locke and Thomas Hobbes, two famous English philosophers who have attempted to refute Rene Descartes's dream argument by providing useful a...

• Word Count: 1205
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During the last meeting of class we were led through a scattered discussion of the various philosophers and philosophies discussed throughout the year. If we are to find a common problem that offers any sort of unity to what we have been studying, it must be that each philosopher wants to discover ...

• Word Count: 931
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Sophie's World," by Jostein Gaarder, is a fictional mystery philosophy novel that narrates the history of philosophy through someone named Albert Knag who is writing a book for his daughter, Hilde Moller Knag, for her fifteenth birthday. ... Gaarder easily nourishes the minds of the young with the history of philosophy and philosophers and their philosophies. There are other books that also discuss the history of philosophy and the philosophers and their philosophies but they are not intended for the young since they are written like textbooks which may be boring for them. ... This shows...

• Word Count: 771
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

History is, of course necessary to any understanding of philosophy: how it came about, what people did with it. ... Rather, philosophy should be integrated with the rest of the sciences through the method of rational judgment. Rather than sailing behind, or next to but away from, the rest of the sciences, philosophy should be the flagship of the group. ... Descartes was the first to bring philosophy to its "renaissance." ... Descartes" philosophy was an attempt to create a genuine foundation upon which furthers scientific development would be established. ...

• Word Count: 2227
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Both gave contributions from their thoughts on natural philosophy, however, their assumptions were completely opposite from one another. ... This statement sums up what Heraclitus" philosophy about the nature of being was. ... Parmenides" philosophy was the total opposite from that of Heraclitus". ... (Quote derived from The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) In conclusion, Heraclitus concluded that everything in nature changes, or flows, and we can rely on our human reason, or sensory perceptions, to notice these changes in nature. Parmenides" philosophy of nature was that everything exis...

• Word Count: 681
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Finally, after traveling all over Europe, Descartes decided to end his travels and reside in Holland in 1628 where he began to write his three famous books, Discourse on Method, Meditations on First Philosophy and Principles of Philosophy where his passion for philosophy and mathematics could shine. In my term paper, I will be focusing on specific passages from Meditations on First Philosophy, which was written in 1641. Meditations on First Philosophy is a discussion of metaphysics, or what is real. ... This leads us to wonder about the relationship between the immaterial mind and mater...

• Word Count: 1700
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

INTRODUCTION Philosophy is an intellectual and mental activity. ... In its (philosophy) historical metamorphosis, in ancient Greece, fundamental issue of reality, knowledge, conduct and thought dominated the reflection and discourse of philosophy. ... The issue of mind-body is as old as the history of Ancient Greek philosophy. ... He thus began his philosophy by doubting everything that he could not be certain. ... This expression summarizes Descartes philosophy. ...

• Word Count: 4771
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Descartes" writing his Meditations on First Philosophy in a first-person format is essential to the potential success of his argument. ... Descartes provides everything the reader needs to know to follow his argument within the text, never drawing on outside philosophy. ... While it can be argued that the Meditations could have been equally written in the third person, this argument would not rest well with the major premise and starting point of the basis of Descartes" philosophy, "I think, therefore I am." ... The nature of Descartes" writing has a definite positive influence on his philo...

• Word Count: 1200
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This statement clearly shows that he is a person who strongly opposes the Philosophy of Altruism. ... In opposition to the main hero, the writer uses two characters named Ellsworth Monkton Toohey and Peter Keating to exemplify that he rejects the philosophy of "Altruism". ... One of the important philosophies of Objectivism which Ayn Rand discusses in the film relates to a man's rights. ... Rand's philosophy goes beyond just living and being happy. The Fountainhead spotlights this philosophy, especially through Howard Roark, the active individualist, who constantly challen...

• Word Count: 2371
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

She was educated in both private and public schools with interests focusing on philosophy and the sciences. ... (Gale Encyclopedia) In the fall following her doctorate, Washburn moved to Wells College as a professor of psychology, philosophy and ethics. ...

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Its important to undestand that philosophy begins wiht the creation of concepts. ... D&G suggest that the whole history of philosophy can be regarded or seen as an attempt to institute a plane of immanence. ...

• Word Count: 504
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The philosophies of the two minds constantly concern themselves with the ethereal, the things not of the Earth. ... It appeared that the option was available for Socrates to renounce his faith and go free, instead of continuing to practice philosophy and question Greece until he upset the wrong people and was put to death. ... However, this did not happen (but wouldn't that make a cool philosophy/sci-fi novel?). ... Witnessing Socrates bring life to Plato's take on philosophy, we see his i...

• Word Count: 1699
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Throughout Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy, the narrator, or Meditator, isolates himself in order to think clearly and develop a new perception on many concepts like the mind, body, and existence of God. ... Throughout the First Meditation in Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes presents and details several reasons to doubt all of his beliefs. ... By the end of the First Meditation in Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy, The Mediator comes to doubt most everything he has previously believed by analyzing his sense perception and his epistemological processes....

• Word Count: 1233
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The following are some basic viewpoints from the Sanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, with which most humanistic psychologists agree; a person does not live alone, people are social by nature and their interpersonal interactions are a part of their development, a person has free will, people are aware of themselves; therefore they can make conscious choices. ... According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy behaviorism is in its fullest and most complete form in the following three sets of claims: (1.) ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Rene DesCartes (1596-1650), lived a life focused on mathematics, philosophy and science during a period of history that was not particularly accommodating for analytical thought. ... According to DesCartes the central concept of Philosophy is the first person point of view. DesCartes evolved philosophy by theorizing that the conscious self is at the center of any philosophical perception. ... Essay Two John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was an English scholar and philosopher who had a profound influence on modern political philosophy and upon social standards and the appreciation of individuality. ...

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"The psychological Laboratory at Leipsic" The article, "The psychological Laboratory at Leipsic", by James McKeen Cattell, describes the laboratory and the processes of experimentation. Psychology is different from other sciences, and philosophy, in that it uses experimentation to try and figure o...

• Word Count: 343
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Williams James (1842-1910) And His Contributions to Psychology In 1875, a young professor of biology and philosophy by the name of William James taught the first course on "psychology" at Harvard University(Lahey, 1983). Beginning as an instructor of physiology, he next saw to the establishment for himself a Chair in Psychology; he spent his last years as a professor of philosophy. It was in the Principles of Psychology that he began to develop his pragmatic philosophy(Leahey, 1980). ...

• Word Count: 1847
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Can Descartes be certain that he is thinking? How? Can he be certain that he exists? How? (And who is he?) Descartes" statement "I think therefore I exist" raises questions about the meaning of thought, the meaning of existence but most fundamentally, in what sense he can be certain. The difficu...

• Word Count: 1657
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He indicates that "These shapings of the unregenerate mind;/ Bubbles that glitter as they rise and break/ On vain Philosophy's aye-babbling spring" (55-57). He claims that these sinful descriptions of God as an entity outside of the mind or outside of the human soul are like bubbles breaking on the water in a hypothetical fountain that represents all of misguided philosophy. ...

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Similar cases of inexplicability happen in many areas of philosophy, even in the writings of Quine, who is a major representative of the analytic tradition, which is somewhat characterized by its clear definitions and clear logical/syntactical steps, one comes upon the idea that material objects and science in general are necessary parts of our thought process and cannot be explained by our thought process. ... That in philosophy one should not meddle with things that one couldn't explain since that would be dangerously close to "poetry", as Carnap puts it, that is something tha...

• Word Count: 1414
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

." - Ralph Waldo Emerson A Condensation of Its Context Toward the end of his notebook, "Naturalist," Ralph Waldo Emerson entered sentence (dated 1853) that marks a symbolic vision of nature familiar to his readers and, in more recent years, of concern to his ecologically minded critics: "He is the richest who has most use for nature as raw material of tropes and symbols with which to describe his life." (2) One can see why the tradition of reading Emerson's nature writing and environmental aesthetics in sharp contrast with Henry David Thoreau's--Thoreau viewed as "Emerson's ea...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Regardless of the agreed upon definition of time, the philosophy involved in the comprehension of time truly does weigh heavily on the human psyche. ... It is this view that ties religious philosophies to those of time. ...

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He wanted to take psychology out of philosophy and establish it as a science. ... This links well with John Locke's philosophy that the mind was a blank slate at birth and that there are no innate ideas (Raghunathan, 2012). ...

• Word Count: 1620
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Psychology is an essential area of study which has enabled many to receive help and understanding regarding emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Psychology began in the realm of philosophy. In order to understand psychology, it is imperative to understand the foundation on which it was built, the biolo...

• Word Count: 721
• Approx Pages: 3
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The distinction between primary and secondary qualities has been acknowledged by both philosophy and science: Primary qualities are defined as qualities of an object in the external world which are thought to be characteristic of the object as it is in itself, and therefore whether anyone is aware of the object or not. ...

• Word Count: 929
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate