Other philosophers believe the opposite is true - that time is cyclical, revolving, moving. ... A question that every philosopher of time faces is whether or not time flows or is stationary. ... Philosophers who maintain this belief are of two types: process philosophers and philosophers of the manifold. ... To these philosophers, neither the future nor the past can be changed or altered because, according to the philosophers of the manifold, neither past or future really exist - time is always now, always occurring in the present. ... Regarding the "flow" of time, philosophers" generally beli...

• Word Count: 1525
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Philosophers like Descartes promoted reason while Newton and his scientific colleagues discovered physical concepts, changing our conception of the world. ... An important philosopher, Nietzsche, born in the middle of the 19th century, brought new ideas and tried to present his philosophy on the "death" of God. ... In my opinion, Nietzsche represents one of the first generations of philosophers claiming that the idea behind God is up to die. ... Therefore, the idea behind humans evolving to become and being gods, coming from a philosopher emerging from a Europe evolving and urbanizing itself, ...

• Word Count: 636
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

But the problem with reason and wisdom is that they take man years to master and the populace cannot concern themselves with only learning, therefore faith is the only other way that people can know about God without having to spend all their time studying becoming philosophers. ... Aquinas would most likely argue that all three with a strong focus or reverence for faith is what should be the focus of philosophers. Based upon conventional wisdom and knowledge I would argue that faith would cloud the judgment of a philosopher and make them more partial to proving or disproving ideas based on t...

• Word Count: 594
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is a vast gap between the different realities of these two influential philosophers and between the ways they understand the world. ... To Kierkegaard, it was arrogant to develop a philosophy from a detached standpoint, as if a philosopher stood outside of the system that he created. ... That is to say, the ability to verify the claims of religion is only good to the philosopher if he can personally appropriate those claims for himself. ...

• Word Count: 1488
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to Bredeson (2011), utilitarianism is a philosophical theory that was developed by Stuart John Mill. The theory is based on normative ethics by arguing that societal utility can be maximized by the moral actions that people undertake. Societal utility is defined as those components that pr...

• Word Count: 689
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

" These particular philosophers illustrate opposing arguments regarding the fallacies of opposing contentions, moral standings, and perhaps most important, reasoning whether or not a fetus possesses life, which would therefore evaluating termination of a fetus as murder. ... The philosophers resound points upon these topics because they consist of the foundation of countless philosophical arguments, normative ethics, and how they ought to be applied in this series of arguments, morally speaking. ...

• Word Count: 1341
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The way Plato's theoretical human conditioning works is that human beings represent a natural order whereas the guardians (supreme philosophers) are at the top of the order and everyone else in the state is below them taking heed to their guidance and wisdom. ... Each philosopher has their own unique ideas of natural human conditioning, but each realize that a government is necessary despite their governments being used to serve different purposes. ...

• Word Count: 1234
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The seminar, as part of the process of developing transcendent knowledge, will also examine the relationship between culture and religion in the light of Paul Tillich's (Philosopher & Theologian) claim that, "Religion is the substance of culture, and culture the form of religion." ...

• Word Count: 623
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the essay "The Ethics of Belief," by Peter Singer, Singer's argument is that "a person who believes what he is told and is unreflecting and unquestioning should not be allowed to hold great political power." Singer's premise deals with the very broad topic of underserved suffering in the wor...

• Word Count: 608
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"11 Under Divine command theory, philosophers have considered that 'there is nothing adequate for basing morality on,'12 and that the existence of evil entails God could be commanding all acts to be morally good as He is omnipotent (i.e. even murder). ...

• Word Count: 2979
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The term speciesism was apparently first used by Richard Ryder but made popular by philosopher Peter Singer. ... Philosopher Evelyn Pluhar notes the sharp distinction most humans wish to draw between racist and sexist bigotry and that of speciesism when she writes "Racism and sexism are plainly irrational because they do not discriminate on the basis of morally relevant differences. ... Philosopher Steve Sapontzis" objection to the analogy of speciesism with racism and sexism is much like an appeal to the pride of women and minorities. ...

• Word Count: 2741
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some religious philosophers suggest that we are morally significant persons at the moment of conception. ... Some philosophers suggest more general criteria such as when a being is self-aware or rational. ...

• Word Count: 1548
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Religious Tradition Religious Traditions are the laws, regulations, beliefs, doctrines and practices which are handed down from one generation to another. Traditions in religion are either right or wrong. Followers practicing religious traditions follow in accordance with the scriptures to be pract...

• Word Count: 877
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Athenian philosopher, Socrates has emerged as one of the most influential individuals of modern thought and has played a large role in molding the way that many societies view a majority of the established principles of modern life. ...

• Word Count: 927
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, where the Hindu, Jain and Buddhist beliefs stemmed from the existence of the transcendent, or other plane of existence, the Greek philosophers focused more on the explanations for the here-and-now. ...

• Word Count: 774
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Since morality is not directly pinpointed, numerous philosophers developed large range of theories that will either justify certain actions or condemn them, as well as provide advice for an action the most rightful. ...

• Word Count: 779
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the daily social life of Turkey, one of the fundamental debates, among the different sections of the society is "laicism". The conservatives, mainly the religious section, claims that the laic principle of the modern state opposed to Islamic faith when compared to the "Western" type of secularism...

• Word Count: 1142
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Philosophy is the study of elementary predicaments including factors linked with realism, existence, knowledge, ethics, rationale, and language. Conversely, religion is a collection of systematic beliefs on the cause, nature, and proposes of the universe, particularly with reference to the contribut...

• Word Count: 1254
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although different models of this relationship were supported by different philosophers, theologians, scientists, and others, and they are co-existing with each other, no one really has the ability to prove which model is more accurate and superior. ...

• Word Count: 941
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Apparent Connections Amidst Science, Politics, and Religion Within today's society science is an entity almost entirely separate from religion and politics, yet history paints a different picture. During 17th and 18th century Europe, the spread of ideas and the inspiration to perform science ...

• Word Count: 1480
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to Plato, by nature, human is a political animal. Regardless of time, culture and geography, human beings exhibit a strong political nature that constitutes their existence. This behavior seems embedded in the human DNA and seems to last as long as humanity is in existence. Plato's belief...

• Word Count: 1092
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are many implications to consider when questioning the moral status of animals. It is a moderately modern idea that non-human animals have moral status, and philosopher Peter Singer dedicated a lot of his life towards this debate. It follows that humans have certain inviolable rights such as t...

• Word Count: 1631
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Throughout this paper I will look at each respective philosopher's moral requirements in the state of nature, and then discern which theories would be most beneficial to forming a successful societal framework. ...

• Word Count: 1819
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One of the most fundamental questions that philosophical minds ponder is the extent to the purpose of human beings. The Greek philosopher Aristotle attempted to derive this contemplation by practical, almost mathematical means, despite its variables being ridden with anomalies. This however is tru...

• Word Count: 1572
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Since the eighteenth century, when the first rudimentary beginning was made in the study of religion in a scientific manner, scholars have been confronted by the problem of definition, which became more complicated with the rise of a philosophical humanism in Western Europe that denied the notion of the supernatural, (Harrison, 2006:1). Few seem to have difficulty in distinguishing between religious and secular institutions, yet there is widespread discrepancy regarding what "religion" actually means. In fact, some go so far as to question whether there is anything at all distincti...

• Word Count: 2282
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate